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In decerebrate cats under \u03b1-chloralose anesthesia, electrical stimulation of the PMC (40 Hz frequency, 0.2-ms pulse width, 10\u201325 s duration) using a microelectrode induced bladder contractions &gt;20 cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O amplitude when the bladder was filled to 60\u201370% capacity. PNS or TNS (5 Hz, 0.2 ms) at two and four times the threshold (2T and 4T) to induce anal or toe twitch was applied to inhibit the PMC stimulation-induced bladder contractions. Propranolol, a nonselective \u03b2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, was administered intravenously (1 mg\/kg iv) to determine the role of sympathetic pathways in PNS\/TNS inhibition. PNS at both 2T and 4T significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) reduced the amplitude and area under the curve of the bladder contractions induced by PMC stimulation, while TNS at 4T facilitated the bladder contractions. Propranolol completely eliminated PNS inhibition and TNS facilitation. This study indicates that PNS, but not TNS, inhibits PMC stimulation-induced bladder contractions via a \u03b2-adrenergic mechanism that may occur in the detrusor muscle as a result of reflex activity in lumbar sympathetic nerves. Neither PNS nor TNS activated a central inhibitory pathway with synaptic connections to the sacral parasympathetic neurons that innervate the bladder. Understanding the site of action involved in bladder neuromodulation is important for developing new therapies for bladder disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00490.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T23:48:30Z","timestamp":1450309710000},"page":"R366-R374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pudendal but not tibial nerve stimulation inhibits bladder contractions induced by stimulation of pontine micturition center in cats"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Lyon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Ferroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 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