{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T22:41:30Z","timestamp":1788129690411,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Episodic increases in cerebrovascular perfusion and shear stress may have beneficial impacts on endothelial function that improve brain health. We hypothesized that water immersion to the level of the right atrium in humans would increase cerebral perfusion. We continuously measured, in 9 young (means \u00b1 SD, 24.6 \u00b1 2.0 yr) healthy men, systemic hemodynamic variables along with blood flows in the common carotid and middle and posterior cerebral arteries during controlled filling and emptying of a water tank to the level of the right atrium. Mean arterial pressure (80 \u00b1 9 vs. 91 \u00b1 12 mmHg, P &lt; 0.05), cardiac output (4.8 \u00b1 0.7 vs. 5.1 \u00b1 0.6 l\/min, P &lt; 0.05) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (Pet\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    , 39.5 \u00b1 2.0 vs. 44.4 \u00b1 3.5 mmHg, P &lt; 0.05) increased with water immersion, along with middle (59 \u00b1 6 vs. 64 \u00b1 6 cm\/s, P &lt; 0.05) and posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocities (41 \u00b1 9 vs. 44 \u00b1 10 cm\/s, P &lt; 0.05). These changes were reversed when the tank was emptied. Water immersion is associated with hemodynamic and Pet\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    changes, which increase cerebral blood velocities in humans. This study provides an evidence base for future studies to examine the potential additive effect of exercise in water on improving cerebrovascular health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00516.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]],"date-time":"2014-02-20T01:30:02Z","timestamp":1392859802000},"page":"R636-R640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Cardiovascular responses to water immersion in humans: impact on cerebral perfusion"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Howard H.","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela L.","family":"Spence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J. 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