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Here, we examined the possibility that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S is an O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>sensor in trout chemoreceptors where the first pair of gills is a primary site of aquatic O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>sensing and the homolog of the mammalian carotid body. Intrabuccal injection of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in unanesthetized trout produced a dose-dependent bradycardia and increased ventilatory frequency and amplitude similar to the hypoxic response. Removal of the first, but not second, pair of gills significantly inhibited H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S-mediated bradycardia, consistent with the loss of aquatic chemoreceptors. mRNA for H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S-synthesizing enzymes, cystathionine \u03b2-synthase and cystathionine \u03b3-lyase, was present in branchial tissue. Homogenized gills produced H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S enzymatically, and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S production was inhibited by O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, whereas mitochondrial H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S consumption was O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>dependent. Ambient hypoxia did not affect plasma H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in unanesthetized trout, but produced a Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-dependent increase in a sulfide moiety suggestive of increased H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S production. In isolated zebrafish neuroepithelial cells, the putative chemoreceptive cells of fish, both hypoxia and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, produced a similar \u223c10-mV depolarization. These studies are consistent with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S involvement in O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>sensing\/signal transduction pathway(s) in chemoreceptive cells, as previously demonstrated in vascular smooth muscle. This novel mechanism, whereby H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S concentration ([H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S]) is governed by the balance between constitutive production and oxidation, tightly couples tissue [H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S] to Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and may provide an exquisitely sensitive, yet simple, O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>sensor in a variety of tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00807.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,19]],"date-time":"2008-06-19T01:59:39Z","timestamp":1213840779000},"page":"R669-R680","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Hydrogen sulfide as an oxygen sensor in trout gill chemoreceptors"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"295","author":[{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nini","family":"Skovgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branka","family":"Vulesevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Duff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan L.","family":"Whitfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangdong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve F.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Archer S, Michelakis E.The mechanisms of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: potassium channels, redox oxygen sensors, and controversies.News Physiol Sci17: 131\u2013137, 2002."},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Archer SL, Weir EK, Reeve HL.Molecular identification of O2sensors and O2-sensitive potassium channels in the pulmonary circulation.Adv Exp Med Biol475: 219\u2013240, 2000.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-46825-5_21"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.02.013"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Burleson ML, Smatresk NJ, Milsom WK.Afferent Inputs Associated with Cardioventilatory Control in Fish. 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