{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:59:39Z","timestamp":1790841579804,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Presympathetic neurons in the different anteroposterior aspects of rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are colocalized with expiratory [B\u00f6tzinger complex (B\u00f6tC)] and inspiratory [pre-B\u00f6tzinger complex (pre-B\u00f6tC)] neurons of ventral respiratory column (VRC), suggesting that this region integrates the cardiovascular and respiratory chemoreflex responses. In the present study, we evaluated in different anteroposterior aspects of RVLM of awake rats the role of ionotropic glutamate and purinergic receptors on cardiorespiratory responses to chemoreflex activation. The bilateral ionotropic glutamate receptors antagonism with kynurenic acid (KYN) (8 nmol\/50 nl) in the rostral aspect of RVLM (RVLM\/B\u00f6tC) enhanced the tachypneic (120 \u00b1 9 vs. 180 \u00b1 9 cpm; P &lt; 0.01) and attenuated the pressor response (55 \u00b1 2 vs. 15 \u00b1 1 mmHg; P &lt; 0.001) to chemoreflex activation ( n = 7). On the other hand, bilateral microinjection of KYN into the caudal aspect of RVLM (RVLM\/pre-B\u00f6tC) caused a respiratory arrest in four awake rats used in the present study. Bilateral P2X receptors antagonism with PPADS (0.25 nmol\/50 nl) in the RVLM\/B\u00f6tC reduced chemoreflex tachypneic response (127 \u00b1 6 vs. 70 \u00b1 5 cpm; P &lt; 0.001; n = 6), but did not change the chemoreflex pressor response. In addition, PPADS into the RVLM\/B\u00f6tC attenuated the enhancement of the tachypneic response to chemoreflex activation elicited by previous microinjections of KYN into the same subregion (188 \u00b1 2 vs. 157 \u00b1 3 cpm; P &lt; 0.05; n = 5). Our findings indicate that: 1) l-glutamate, but not ATP, in the RVLM\/B\u00f6tC is required for pressor response to peripheral chemoreflex and 2) both transmitters in the RVLM\/B\u00f6tC are required for the processing of the ventilatory response to peripheral chemoreflex activation in awake rats. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00825.2010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T01:52:07Z","timestamp":1300326727000},"page":"R1476-R1486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Modulation of respiratory responses to chemoreflex activation by <scp>l<\/scp>-glutamate and ATP in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of awake rats"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Davi J. 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