{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T19:32:14Z","timestamp":1773430334652,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>CGS-21680 (CGS), a highly selective adenosine A<jats:sub>2a<\/jats:sub>receptor agonist, may excite the fetal carotid bodies. This study was designed to determine 1) whether CGS stimulates fetal breathing and 2) whether sinoaortic denervation abolishes CGS-induced tachycardia. In eight intact fetuses (&gt;0.8 term), intra-arterial CGS infusion (6 \u03bcg \u22c5 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u22c5 kg estimated fetal wt<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) increased mean arterial [Formula: see text] by 3\u20137 Torr, reduced fetal arterial[Formula: see text] by 2\u20135 Torr, and produced a mild metabolic acidemia. Heart rate increased from 154 \u00b1 7 (control) to 249 \u00b1 12 beats\/min, but mean arterial pressure was not significantly affected. CGS initially increased the frequency, amplitude, and incidence of fetal breathing, but this hyperpnea was followed by prolonged respiratory depression that was not reversed with blockade of adenosine A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptors. Denervation of both carotid bodies together with interruption of the vagi abolished the hyperpnea without altering the respiratory depression or the maximum rise in heart rate. We conclude that CGS induces 1) tachycardia by a mechanism independent of the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors, 2) hyperpnea by stimulating peripheral adenosine A<jats:sub>2a<\/jats:sub>receptors, and 3) respiratory depression by activating central A<jats:sub>2a<\/jats:sub>receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1998.274.1.r152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T01:24:04Z","timestamp":1514165044000},"page":"R152-R159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fetal cardiovascular and breathing responses to an adenosine A<sub>2a<\/sub>receptor agonist in sheep"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Koos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicholas S. 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