{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:36:00Z","timestamp":1789216560171,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The effect of chronic hypoxia on gender differences in physiology and neurochemistry of chemosensory pathways was studied in prepubertal and adult rats living at sea level (SL; Lyon, France) or at high altitude (HA; La Paz, Bolivia, 3,600 m). HA adult rats had higher hematocrit (Ht%), Hb concentration, resting ventilatory rate (Ve<jats:sub>100<\/jats:sub>), and higher tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in carotid bodies (CB) than SL animals. At HA and SL, adult females had lower Ht% (46.0 \u00b1 0.8 vs. 50.4 \u00b1 0.6% at HA, P &lt; 0.05 and 43.8 \u00b1 0.9 vs. 47.1 \u00b1 0.8% at SL, P &lt; 0.05) and Hb (16.1 \u00b1 0.3 vs. 17.7 \u00b1 0.2 g\/dl at HA, P &lt; 0.05 and 14.5 \u00b1 0.3 vs. 15.6 \u00b1 0.1 g\/dl at SL, P &lt; 0.05) than males. Females had higher Ve<jats:sub>100<\/jats:sub> [170 \u00b1 19 vs. 109 \u00b1 7 ml \u22c5 min<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> \u22c5 100 g<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> at HA, P &lt; 0.05 and 50 \u00b1 3 vs. 40 \u00b1 2 ml \u22c5 min<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> \u22c5 100 g<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> at SL, not significant (NS)] and lower CB-TH activity (1.40 \u00b1 0.2 vs. 3.87 \u00b1 0.6 pmol\/20 min at HA, P &lt; 0.05 and 0.52 \u00b1 0.1 vs. 0.68 \u00b1 0.1 pmol\/20 min at SL; NS) than males at HA only. The onset of hypoxic ventilatory response during development was delayed at HA. Prepubertal HA females had higher Ve<jats:sub>100<\/jats:sub> than males (2 wk old, +47%) and higher CB-TH activity (3 wk old, +51%). Medullary noradrenergic groups were sex dimorphic during development at SL. Rats raised at HA had a drop of TH activity between the second and the third postnatal week in all medullary groups. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that the CB is the major site for sexual differentiation of the ventilatory control. Ventilatory differences appeared before puberty, and the animals bred at HA had profound alterations in the developmental process of the chemoreflex and its neural pathways. Some of these alterations are under dependence of the sex of the animal, and there is an important interaction between gender and the hypoxic environmental condition during the developmental period. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T23:47:59Z","timestamp":1514159279000},"page":"R806-R816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Gender differentiation of the chemoreflex during growth  at high altitude: functional and neurochemical studies"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie des R\u00e9gulations Energ\u00e9tiques, Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5578, F-69373, Lyon, France; and"},{"name":"Instituto Boliviano de Biolog\u0131\u0301a de Altura, Embajada de Francia, Casilla 717, La Paz, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Soliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Boliviano de Biolog\u0131\u0301a de Altura, Embajada de Francia, Casilla 717, La Paz, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Pequignot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie des R\u00e9gulations Energ\u00e9tiques, Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5578, F-69373, Lyon, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Sempor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie des R\u00e9gulations Energ\u00e9tiques, Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5578, F-69373, Lyon, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Cottet-Emard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie des R\u00e9gulations Energ\u00e9tiques, Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5578, F-69373, Lyon, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Dalmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie des R\u00e9gulations Energ\u00e9tiques, Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5578, F-69373, Lyon, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Favier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie des R\u00e9gulations Energ\u00e9tiques, Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5578, F-69373, Lyon, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Spielvogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Boliviano de Biolog\u0131\u0301a de Altura, Embajada de Francia, Casilla 717, La Paz, Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Pequignot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie des R\u00e9gulations Energ\u00e9tiques, Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5578, F-69373, Lyon, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(91)90075-T"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(70)90056-3"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.2.393"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.5.1504"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-12-07486.1994"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.1.1"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015229"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197903083001001"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902740107"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb11376.x"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(96)00050-2"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016766"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"434","volume":"103","author":"Favier R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb02508.x"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.4.829"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018099"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90214-4"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.2.449"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(93)90051-B"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050591"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019239"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.79.6.506"},{"key":"B23","first-page":"455","volume":"117","author":"Kryger M","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.272.1.R90"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12806.x"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(96)00064-3"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511093331903"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(96)00007-X"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1990.259.4.R836"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050317"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(89)90075-2"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01441-J"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.5.1706"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.1.186"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.4.R806","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:37:20Z","timestamp":1567989440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.4.R806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.4.R806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r806","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6119","1522-1490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6119","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]}}}