{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:50:46Z","timestamp":1793015446990,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This study tested the hypothesis that exercise elicits monocytic cytokine expression and that prolonged cold exposure modulates such responses. Nine men (age, 24.6 \u00b1 3.8 y; V\u02d9o <jats:sub>2\u2009peak<\/jats:sub>, 56.8 \u00b1 5.6 ml \u00b7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) completed 7 days of exhausting exercise (aerobic, anaerobic, resistive) and underwent three cold, wet exposures (CW). CW trials comprised \u22646 h (six 1-h rest-work cycles) exposure to cold (5\u00b0C, 20 km\/h wind) and wet (5 cm\/h rain) conditions. Blood samples for the determination of intracellular and serum cytokine levels and circulating hormone concentrations were drawn at rest (0700), after exercise (\u223c1130), and after CW (\u223c2000). Whole blood was incubated with (stimulated) or without (spontaneous) lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 \u03bcg\/ml) and stained for CD14 monocyte surface antigens. Cell suspensions were stained for intracellular cytokine expression and analyzed by flow cytometry. The proportion of CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> monocytes exhibiting spontaneous and stimulated intracellular expression of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 increased after exercise, but these cells produced less IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 after CW when CW was preceded by exhausting exercise. Serum cytokine concentrations followed a parallel trend. These findings suggest that blood monocytes contribute to exercise-induced cytokinemia and that cold exposure can differentially modulate cytokine production, upregulating expression of IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist but downregulating IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1. The cold-induced changes in cytokine expression appear to be linked to enhanced catecholamine secretion associated with cold exposure. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.1.r66","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T07:50:35Z","timestamp":1513842635000},"page":"R66-R75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Intracellular monocyte and serum cytokine expression is modulated by exhausting exercise and cold exposure"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Shawn G.","family":"Rhind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toronto, M3M 3B9;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Castellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid K. 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