{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:09:45Z","timestamp":1791306585687,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The dorsomedial medulla oblongata (DMM) includes the solitary tract nucleus and the hypoglossal nucleus, to which 5-HT neurons project. Effects of 5-HT in the DMM on ventilatory augmentation and airway dilation are mediated via 5-HT2 receptors, which interact with the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>drive. The interaction may elicit cycles between hyperventilation with airway dilation and hypoventilation with airway narrowing. In the present study, effects of 5-HT2 receptors in the DMM on hypoxic ventilatory and airway responses were investigated, while 5-HT release in the DMM was monitored. Adult male mice were anesthetized, and then a microdialysis probe was inserted into the DMM. The mice were placed in a double-chamber plethysmograph. After recovery from anesthesia, the mice were exposed to hypoxic gas (7% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>in N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) for 5 min with or without a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist (LY-53857) perfused in the DMM. 5-HT release in the DMM was increased by hypoxia regardless of the presence of LY-53857. Immediate onset and the peak of initial hypoxic hyperventilatory responses were delayed. Subsequent ventilatory decline and airway dilation during initial hypoxic hyperventilation were suppressed with LY-53857. These results suggest that 5-HT release increased by hypoxia acts on 5-HT2 receptors in the DMM, which contributes to the immediate onset of initial hypoxic hyperventilation, airway dilation, and subsequent ventilatory decline. Hypoxic ventilatory and airway responses mediated via 5-HT2 receptors in the DMM may play roles in immediate rescue and defensive adaptation for hypoxia and may be included in periodic breathing and the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90802.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,23]],"date-time":"2009-04-23T01:41:58Z","timestamp":1240450918000},"page":"R34-R41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Dorsomedial medullary 5-HT2 receptors mediate immediate onset of initial hyperventilation, airway dilation, and ventilatory decline during hypoxia in mice"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Mitsuko","family":"Kanamaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02304-5"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-08-03215.2002"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(79)90070-7"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902050307"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Eldridge FL, Millhorn DE.Oscillation, gating, and memory in the respiratory control system. In:Handbook of Physiology. The Respiratory System, Control of Breathing. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc. 1986, sect. 3, vol.II, pt. 1, chapt. 3, p. 93\u2013114."},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000313)418:3<323::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200202-107OC"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.265bu.x"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.3.1071"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.6.2395"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4729-07.2008"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10056"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.1.7599822"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00829.2006"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.6.R1748"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.277.3.R658"},{"key":"R17","unstructured":"Kubin L, Davies RO.Mechanisms of Airway Hypotonia. In:Lung Biology in Health and Disease, Sleep Apnea, Pathogenesis Diagnosis and Treatment, edited by Pack AI. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002, p. 99\u2013154."},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90563-M"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(75)90007-9"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.2.548"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903340310"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(82)90075-5"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00743-5"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00463.2003"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90425-9"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020229"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.2.441"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200212030-00039"},{"key":"R29","unstructured":"\u00d6nal E, Lopata M, O'Connor TD.Diaphragmatic and genioglossal electromyogram responses to isocapnic hypoxia in humans.Am Rev Respir Dis124: 215\u2013217, 1981."},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.5.2365"},{"key":"R31","unstructured":"Paxinos G, Franklin KBJ.The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates.2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic, 2001."},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.2.399"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(94)90223-2"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(98)00026-7"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025096718559"},{"key":"R36","unstructured":"Remmers J.Central neural control of breathing. In:Control of Breathing in Health and Disease, edited by Altose M and Kawakami Y. New York: Dekker, 1999, p. 1\u201340."},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.567ae.x"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.5.R1411"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902650210"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1993.264.1.R41"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-05346.1995"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.4.1658"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.3.530"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widdicombe J.Reflexes from the upper respiratory tract. In:Handbook of Physiology. The Respiratory System, Control of Breathing. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc. 1986, sect. 3, vol.II, pt. 1, chapt. 11, p. 363\u2013394.","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp030211"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.2.405"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00137-9"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpregu.90802.2008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T11:20:56Z","timestamp":1633346456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpregu.90802.2008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpregu.90802.2008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.90802.2008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6119","1522-1490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6119","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}