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Eight days after the treatment, bladder function and bladder sensation were analyzed using cystometry and an electrodiagnostic device of sensory function (Neurometer), respectively. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings and immunohistochemical staining were also performed in dissociated bladder afferent neurons identified by a retrograde tracing dye, Fast Blue, injected into the bladder wall. Cystitis rats showed urinary frequency that was inhibited by pretreatment with capsaicin and bladder hyperalgesia mediated by C-fibers. Capsaicin-sensitive bladder afferent neurons from sham rats exhibited high thresholds for spike activation and a phasic firing pattern, whereas those from cystitis rats showed lower thresholds for spike activation and a tonic firing pattern. Transient A-type K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>current density in capsaicin-sensitive bladder afferent neurons was significantly smaller in cystitis rats than in sham rats, although sustained delayed-rectifier K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>current density was not altered after cystitis. The expression of voltage-gated K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Kv1.4 \u03b1-subunits, which can form A-type K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>channels, was reduced in bladder afferent neurons from cystitis rats. These data suggest that bladder inflammation increases bladder afferent neuron excitability by decreasing expression of Kv1.4 \u03b1-subunits. Similar changes in capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber afferent terminals may contribute to bladder hyperactivity and hyperalgesia due to acid-induced bladder inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.91054.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]],"date-time":"2009-03-12T02:24:43Z","timestamp":1236824683000},"page":"R1661-R1670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Bladder hyperactivity and increased excitability of bladder afferent neurons associated with reduced expression of Kv1.4 \u03b1-subunit in rats with cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Yukio","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Takimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael 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