{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:53:02Z","timestamp":1789746782478,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Numerous proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the reorganization of lower urinary tract function following cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. The present study investigated the functional profile of three pleiotropic transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) isoforms and receptor (T\u03b2R) variants in the normal and inflamed (CYP-induced cystitis) rat urinary bladder. Our findings indicate that TGF-\u03b2 (1, 2, and 3) and T\u03b2R (1, 2, and 3) transcript and protein expression were regulated to varying degrees in the urothelium or detrusor smooth muscle following intermediate (48 h; 150 mg\/kg ip) or chronic (75 mg\/kg ip; once every 3 days for 10 days), but not acute (4 h; 150 mg\/kg ip), CYP-induced cystitis. Conscious, open-outlet cystometry was performed to determine whether aberrant TGF-\u03b2 signaling contributes to urinary bladder dysfunction following intermediate (48 h) CYP-induced cystitis. T\u03b2R-1 inhibition with SB505124 (5 \u03bcM) significantly (p \u2264 0.001) decreased voiding frequency and increased bladder capacity (2.5-fold), void volume (2.6-fold), and intercontraction intervals (2.5-fold) in CYP-treated (48 h) rats. Taken together, these results provide evidence for 1) the involvement of TGF-\u03b2 in lower urinary tract neuroplasticity following urinary bladder inflammation, 2) a functional role of TGF-\u03b2 signaling in the afferent limb of the micturition reflex, and 3) urinary bladder T\u03b2R-1 as a viable target to reduce voiding frequency with cystitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00042.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T02:22:30Z","timestamp":1375928550000},"page":"F1265-F1276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Expression and function of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 isoforms and cognate receptors in the rat urinary bladder following cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"305","author":[{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, 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