{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:27:58Z","timestamp":1790270878418,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Renal Wilms' tumor-1 (WT-1) staining is used to detect podocyte loss in kidney biopsies. We aimed to determine if urinary exosomal WT-1 could serve as a noninvasive biomarker of podocyte injury. We examined WT-1 by Western blot in a human podocyte-like cell line, a mouse model of podocyte injury, and human subjects with podocyte disorders. WT-1 was detected in exosomal fraction of the conditioned media from podocytes and increased 48 h after hTGF-\u03b21 stimulation. Cellular WT-1 decreased in podocytes following hTGF-\u03b21 incubation. In mice with induced podocyte injury, urinary exosomal WT-1 was detected 1 wk earlier than albuminuria and also tracked the effects of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment. In addition, urinary exosomal WT-1 levels at 1 wk post-injury correlated with the severity of glomerular injury at 3 wk later. In human subjects, urinary exosomal WT-1 was significantly increased in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients compared with healthy volunteers or steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) patients. Urinary exosomal WT-1 was also significantly decreased in patients in remission for either FSGS or SSNS or following steroid treatment in six SSNS subjects. We conclude that urinary exosomal WT-1 is a promising noninvasive biomarker with apparent podocyte specificity that can detect early progression and treatment-induced regression of podocyte injury in FSGS or SSNS. These results warrant longitudinal, prospective studies in a large cohort with a range of podocyte diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00056.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T03:14:41Z","timestamp":1371093281000},"page":"F553-F559","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Urinary exosomal Wilms' tumor-1 as a potential biomarker for podocyte injury"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"305","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland;"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Clinical College and The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kajiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuzhen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asada","family":"Leelahavanichkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Vento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Trachtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Star","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S. 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