{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:48:08Z","timestamp":1792723688070,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prolonged lithium treatment of humans and rodents often results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. This is thought to be caused by diminished net H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>secretion and\/or excessive back-diffusion of acid equivalents. To explore whether lithium treatment is associated with changes in the expression of key renal acid-base transporters, semiquantitative immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry were performed using kidneys from lithium-treated ( n = 6) and control ( n = 6) rats. Rats treated with lithium for 28 days showed decreased urine pH, whereas no significant differences in blood pH and plasma [Formula: see text] levels were observed. Immunoblot analysis revealed that lithium treatment induced a significant increase in the expression of the H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase (B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-subunit) in cortex (190 \u00b1 18%) and inner stripe of the outer medulla (190 \u00b1 9%), and a dramatic increase in inner medulla (900 \u00b1 104%) in parallel to an increase in the expression of type 1 anion exchanger (400 \u00b1 40%). This was confirmed by immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy, which also revealed increased density of intercalated cells. Moreover, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry revealed a significant increase in the expression of the type 1 electrogenic [Formula: see text] cotransporter (NBC) in cortex (200 \u00b1 23%) and of the electroneutral NBCn1 in inner stripe of the outer medulla (250 \u00b1 54%). In contrast, there were no changes in the expression of Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>exchanger-3 or of the [Formula: see text] exchanger pendrin. These results demonstrate that the expression of specific renal acid-base transporters is markedly altered in response to long-term lithium treatment. This is likely to represent direct or compensatory effects to increase the capacity for [Formula: see text] reabsorption, [Formula: see text] reabsorption, and proton secretion to prevent the development of systemic metabolic acidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00176.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:39:50Z","timestamp":1425415190000},"page":"F1244-F1257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Altered expression of renal acid-base transporters in rats with lithium-induced NDI"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"Young-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hwan","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitte 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