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Recent studies suggest that cellular mechanisms that lead to enhanced rates of Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>reabsorption as well as K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>secretion in response to increases tubular flow rates are more complex. Increases in tubular flow rates directly enhance the activity of apical membrane Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>channels and indirectly activate a class of K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>channels, referred to as maxi-K, that are functionally inactive under low flow states. This review addresses the role of biomechanical forces, generated by variations in urinary flow rate and tubular fluid volume, in the regulation of transepithelial Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>transport in the distal nephron. 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