{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:09:40Z","timestamp":1788952180510,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We previously demonstrated that extracellular calcium regulates vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression by parathyroid cells. Since the calcimimetic R-568 potentiates the effects of calcium on the calcium-sensing receptor, it was hypothesized that administration of R-568 may result in increased VDR expression in parathyroid tissue. In vitro studies of the effect of R-568 on VDR mRNA and protein were conducted in cultures of whole rat parathyroid glands and human hyperplastic parathyroid glands. In vivo studies in Wistar rats examined the effect of R-568 and calcitriol alone and in combination. Incubation of rat parathyroid glands in vitro with R-568 (0.001\u20131 \u03bcM) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and an increase in VDR expression (mean \u00b1 SE). Incubation in 1 mM calcium + 0.001 \u03bcM R-568 elicited an increase in VDR mRNA (306 \u00b1 46%) similar to the maximum increase detected with 1.5 mM calcium (330 \u00b1 42%). In vivo, VDR mRNA was increased after administration of R-568 (168 \u00b1 9%, P &lt; 0.001 vs. control) or calcitriol (198 \u00b1 16%, P &lt; 0.001 vs. control). Treatment with R-568 also increased VDR protein in normal rat parathyroid glands and in human parathyroid glands with diffuse, but not nodular, hyperplasia. In conclusion, the present study shows that the calcimimetic R-568 exerts a stimulatory effect on VDR expression in the parathyroid glands of study models and provides additional evidence for the use of calcimimetics in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00262.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T21:53:23Z","timestamp":1167774803000},"page":"F1390-F1395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["The calcimimetic R-568 increases vitamin D receptor expression in rat parathyroid glands"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"292","author":[{"given":"M. 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