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This study examined the effects of 5-HT<jats:sub>1A<\/jats:sub>receptors on regulating urethral functions in female rats and investigated underlying modulatory mechanisms. Intravesical pressure (IVP), external urethral sphincter-electromyography (EUS-EMG), and UFR were simultaneously recorded during continuous transvesical infusion to examine the effects of a 5-HT<jats:sub>1A<\/jats:sub>receptor agonist (8-OH-DPAT) and antagonist (WAY-100635) on bladder and urethral functions. In addition, this study evaluated the independent roles of urethral striated and smooth muscles in the UFR in rats after a neuromuscular blockade (NMB) treatment and bilateral hypogastric nerve transection. Our results revealed that 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased the maximal UFR but reduced the mean UFR. This discrepancy may be because 8-OH-DPAT markedly increased the maximal UFR during the initial segment of the flow duration and subsequently induced an approximately zero level of long oscillatory waves during the remaining flow duration. Thus the mean UFR was reduced because of the prolonged approximately zero level of the UFR. However, paralyzing the EUS with an NMB agent, 8-OH-DPAT, significantly increased the maximal and mean UFRs because the prolonged zero level of the oscillatory UFR did not continue. These results support the hypothesis that the increased UFR in female rats during voiding is due to the induction of urethral smooth muscle relaxation by 8-OH-DPAT. This paper provides a detailed understanding of the role of 5-HT<jats:sub>1A<\/jats:sub>receptors in controlling the UFR in female rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00469.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]],"date-time":"2016-05-05T03:38:36Z","timestamp":1462419516000},"page":"F166-F175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does pharmacological activation of 5-HT<sub>1A<\/sub>receptors improve urine flow rate in female rats?"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Shih-Ching","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 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