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Recently, TGF-\u03b21 has been demonstrated to regulate urinary albumin excretion by both increasing glomerular permeability and decreasing reabsorption in the proximal tubules. TGF-\u03b21 also increases urinary excretion of water, electrolytes and glucose by suppressing tubular reabsorption in both normal and diabetic conditions. Although TGF-\u03b21 exerts hypertrophic and fibrogenic effects in diabetic nephropathy, whether suppression of the function of TGF-\u03b21 can be an option to prevent or treat the complication is still controversial. This is partly because adrenal production of mineralocorticoids could be augmented by the suppression of TGF-\u03b21. However, differentiating the molecular mechanisms for glomerulosclerosis from those for the suppression of the effects of mineralocorticoids by TGF-\u03b21 may assist in developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy. 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