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To investigate this mechanism further, we determined T cell profiles in the kidney and lymphoid tissues as a function of blood pressure in the female Envigo Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat maintained on low-Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>(LS) diet. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured by telemetry in SS rats from 1 mo old (juvenile) to 4 mo old. Normotensive salt-resistant (SR) rats were included as controls. Frequencies of T helper (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) cells were greater in the kidney, lymph nodes, and spleen in 4-mo-old hypertensive SS rats compared with normotensive SR animals and SS juvenile rats, suggesting that renal T cell infiltration contributes to hypertension in the SS rat on a LS diet. At 1.5 mo, half of the SS rats were treated with vehicle (Veh), and the rest received hydralazine (HDZ; 25 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) for 11 wk. HDZ impeded the development of hypertension compared with Veh-treated control rats [mean arterial pressure: 157\u2009\u00b1\u20094 mmHg in the Veh-treated group ( n = 6) vs. 133\u2009\u00b1\u20093 mmHg in the HDZ-treated group ( n = 7), P &lt; 0.001] without impacting T helper cell frequencies in the tissues, suggesting that HDZ can overcome mechanisms of hypertension driven by renal T cell infiltration under the LS diet. Renal frequencies of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>regulatory T cells were significantly higher in 4-mo-old hypertensive rats compared with normotensive SR rats and SS juvenile rats, suggesting that these T cell subpopulations play a compensatory role in the development of hypertension. Greater understanding of these T cell populations could lead to new therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory diseases associated with hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00512.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T19:15:02Z","timestamp":1561576502000},"page":"F572-F583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Renal T cell infiltration occurs despite attenuation of development of hypertension with hydralazine in Envigo\u2019s female Dahl rat maintained on a low-Na<sup>+<\/sup>diet"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"Amrita V.","family":"Pai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal A.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7031-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline M. 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