{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:49:19Z","timestamp":1792788559786,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 DK104310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 DK104310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 DK104310S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 DK104310S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK099328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK099328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31 ES028594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 ES028594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F30 DK122686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F30 DK122686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES001332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES001332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1 TR002375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR002375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The National Institutes of Health leveled new focus on sex as a biological variable with the goal of understanding sex-specific differences in health and physiology. We previously published a functional assessment of the impact of sex, androgens, and prostate size on C57BL\/6J mouse urinary physiology (Ruetten H, Wegner KA, Zhang HL, Wang P, Sandhu J, Sandhu S, Mueller B, Wang Z, Macoska J, Peterson RE, Bjorling DE, Ricke WA, Marker PC, Vezina CM. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 317: F996\u2013F1009, 2019). Here, we measured and compared five characteristics of urethral histology (urethral lumen diameter and area, epithelial cell count, epithelial and rhabdosphincter thickness, epithelial cell area, and total urethral area) in male and female 9-wk-old C57BL\/6J mice using hematoxylin and eosin staining. We also compared male mice with castrated male mice, male and female mice treated with the steroid 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitor finasteride or testosterone, or male mice harboring alleles ( Pbsn4<jats:sup>cre\/+<\/jats:sup>; R26R<jats:sup>Dta\/+<\/jats:sup>) that reduce prostate lobe mass. The three methods used to reduce prostate mass (castration, finasteride, and Pbsn4<jats:sup>cre\/+<\/jats:sup>; R26R<jats:sup>Dta\/+<\/jats:sup>) changed urethral histology, but none feminized male urethral histology (increased urethral epithelial area). Exogenous testosterone caused increased epithelial cell count in intact females but did not masculinize female urethral histology (decrease epithelial area). Our results lay a critical foundation for future studies as we begin to parse out the influence of hormones and cellular morphology on male and female urinary function. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00540.2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T11:54:30Z","timestamp":1578311670000},"page":"F617-F627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of sex, androgens, and prostate size on C57BL\/6J mouse urinary physiology: urethral histology"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"318","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6263-6221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Ruetten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison\/UMASS Boston George M. O\u2019Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle A.","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison\/UMASS Boston George M. O\u2019Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conner L.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison\/UMASS Boston George M. 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