{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:24:46Z","timestamp":1792211086880,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI data of kidney, while indicative of tissue oxygenation level (Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), is in fact influenced by multiple confounding factors, such as R<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, perfusion, oxygen permeability, and hematocrit. We aim to explore the feasibility of extracting tissue Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from renal BOLD data. A method of two steps was proposed: first, a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate blood oxygen saturation (SHb) from BOLD signals, and second, an oxygen transit model to convert SHb to tissue Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. The proposed method was calibrated and validated with 20 pigs (12 before and after furosemide injection) in which BOLD-derived tissue Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was compared with microprobe-measured values. The method was then applied to nine healthy human subjects (age: 25.7 \u00b1 3.0 yr) in whom BOLD was performed before and after furosemide. For the 12 pigs before furosemide injection, the proposed model estimated renal tissue Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with errors of 2.3 \u00b1 5.2 mmHg (5.8 \u00b1 13.4%) in cortex and \u22120.1 \u00b1 4.5 mmHg (1.7 \u00b1 18.1%) in medulla, compared with microprobe measurements. After injection of furosemide, the estimation errors were 6.9 \u00b1 3.9 mmHg (14.2 \u00b1 8.4%) for cortex and 2.6 \u00b1 4.0 mmHg (7.7 \u00b1 11.5%) for medulla. In the human subjects, BOLD-derived medullary Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> increased from 16.0 \u00b1 4.9 mmHg (SHb: 31 \u00b1 11%) at baseline to 26.2 \u00b1 3.1 mmHg (SHb: 53 \u00b1 6%) at 5 min after furosemide injection, while cortical Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> did not change significantly at \u223c58 mmHg (SHb: 92 \u00b1 1%). Our proposed method, validated with a porcine model, appears promising for estimating tissue Po<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from renal BOLD MRI data in human subjects. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00575.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]],"date-time":"2014-01-23T03:29:26Z","timestamp":1390447766000},"page":"F579-F587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Measurement of renal tissue oxygenation with blood oxygen level-dependent MRI and oxygen transit modeling"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Jeff L.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Rusinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizette","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Hugues","family":"Vivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred K.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilach O.","family":"Lerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22552"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.010"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/6.3.381"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993100"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340103"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1994.267.6.F1063"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503093321006"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110518"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910130207"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2432060655"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00222.2006"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.57.s75.12.x"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.350"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn064"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21108"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000418"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(199903)41:3<499::AID-MRM12>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2002.807657"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.09.032"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01955753"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1919.sp001839"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.88"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00347.2006"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00012.2007"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20176"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050455"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21512"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9868"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(93)81441-3"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1984.247.2.F303"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000090610"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.12.3271"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(96)00065-X"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229209106636"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5865-1_23"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e31815597c5"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1072"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199812000-00012"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007040420"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2473070877"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070113"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091735"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22501"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181f0213f"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910320610"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.03.045"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21489"},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"ISMRM","author":"Zhang JL","year":"2012"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09090891"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00074.2002"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1985.249.6.F898"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00575.2013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:05:11Z","timestamp":1567987511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00575.2013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajprenal.00575.2013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00575.2013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1931-857X","1522-1466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-857X","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,15]]}}}