{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:42:50Z","timestamp":1791110570782,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study investigates the differential effect of two vitamin D receptor agonists, calcitriol and paricalcitol, on human aortic smooth muscle cells calcification in vitro. Human vascular smooth muscle cells were incubated in a high phosphate (HP) medium alone or supplemented with either calcitriol 10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>M (HP + CTR) or paricalcitol 3\u00b710<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>M (HP + PC). HP medium induced calcification, which was associated with the upregulation of mRNA expression of osteogenic factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), Runx2\/Cbfa1, Msx2, and osteocalcin. In these cells, activation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling was evidenced by the translocation of \u03b2-catenin into the nucleus and the increase in the expression of direct target genes as cyclin D1, axin 2, and VCAN\/versican. Addition of calcitriol to HP medium (HP + CTR) further increased calcification and also enhanced the expression of osteogenic factors together with a significant elevation of nuclear \u03b2-catenin levels and the expression of cyclin D1, axin 2, and VCAN. By contrast, the addition of paricalcitol (HP + PC) not only reduced calcification but also downregulated the expression of BMP2 and other osteoblastic phenotype markers as well as the levels of nuclear \u03b2-catenin and the expression of its target genes. The role of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin on phosphate- and calcitriol-induced calcification was further demonstrated by the inhibition of calcification after addition of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), a specific natural antagonist of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, the differential effect of calcitriol and paricalcitol on vascular calcification appears to be mediated by a distinct regulation of the BMP and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00684.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]],"date-time":"2012-08-09T04:37:00Z","timestamp":1344487020000},"page":"F1136-F1144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["In vascular smooth muscle cells paricalcitol prevents phosphate-induced Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin activation"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Julio M.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Nefrologia, Red in Ren, Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba, (IMIBIC) Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan 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