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As high salt conditions stimulate the production of several renal autacoids that exhibit natriuretic effects, renal physiologists can contribute to the understanding of mechanisms by which HSS leads to increased diuresis both as an individual therapy as well as in combination with loop diuretics. For instance, since HSS increases TNF-\u03b1 production by proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle\u2019s loop epithelial cells, this article is aimed at highlighting how the effects of TNF-\u03b1 produced by these cell types may contribute to the beneficial effects of HSS in patients with ADHF. Although TNF-\u03b1 produced by infiltrating macrophages and T cells exacerbates and attenuates renal damage, respectively, production of this cytokine within the tubular compartment of the kidney functions as an intrinsic regulator of blood pressure and Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> homeostasis via mechanisms along the nephron related to inhibition of Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-2Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cotransporter isoform 2 activity and angiotensinogen expression. Thus, in the clinical setting of ADHF and hyponatremia, induction of TNF-\u03b1 production along the nephron by administration of HSS may attenuate Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-2Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cotransporter isoform 2 activity and angiotensinogen expression as part of a mechanism that prevents excessive Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle\u2019s loop, thereby mitigating volume overload. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00686.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T10:37:54Z","timestamp":1620643074000},"page":"F1159-F1164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Induction of renal tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and other autacoids and the beneficial effects of hypertonic saline in acute decompensated heart 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