{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:54:55Z","timestamp":1773460495649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> An in vitro study of neural and myogenic control of human tracheal smooth muscle was undertaken. Over 80% of these had active tension and 13% had phasic contractile activity. Tonic and phasic activities were not reversed by indomethacin, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, methysergide, mepyramine, atropine, or tetrodotoxin (TTX) but were blocked by the calcium antagonist verapamil. In some quiescent strips, tonic and\/or phasic activity was induced by exposure to potassium-conductance blockers such as 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA). Electrical (field) stimulation resulted in frequency-dependent biphasic responses: an initial atropine-sensitive cholinergic contraction followed by a nonadrenergic relaxation. This biphasic response to low stimulus parameters (less than 0.5 ms, less than 15 Hz) was blocked by TTX and scorpion venom and enhanced by 4-AP and TEA, consistent with a neural mechanism. Relaxation responses to longer pulse durations (0.5\u20131 ms) were not blocked by TTX despite abolition of contraction nor were they enhanced by 4-AP and TEA, suggesting a nonneural mechanism. ATP, adenosine, arachidonate metabolites, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, neurotensin, or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were ruled out as possible nonadrenergic mediators. The nature and physiological significance of the nonneural inhibitory response remains unknown. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T04:54:03Z","timestamp":1514177643000},"page":"1080-1087","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Control of human airway smooth muscle: in vitro studies"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. R.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. E.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T05:15:41Z","timestamp":1568006141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,11,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1080","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,11,1]]}}}