{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T20:59:01Z","timestamp":1649019541039},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We studied the changes in ventilation induced by intracisternal administration of enkephalins in four unanesthetized adult dogs. Instantaneous minute ventilation (VT\/TT) decreased markedly after D-Ala-Met-enkephalinamide (DAME). Mean VT\/TT decreased maximally by 20-50 min after DAME and lasted an additional 15-60 min; by 2 h, VT\/TT had returned to base line. Four doses (5, 25, 60, and 125 micrograms\/kg) of DAME were used, and the ventilatory response depended on the dose. Mean inspiratory time decreased but mean expiratory time and mean TT showed a marked prolongation. Periodic breathing (2-3 breaths separated by long apneic pauses) occurred in every study and the frequency of sighs increased considerably. All these ventilatory changes were reversed by low doses of naloxone or naltrexone; in addition, VT\/TT increased well above base line after the administration of these antagonists. However, naloxone did not increase VT\/TT when injected without prior administration of DAME. We conclude that 1) the decrease in VT\/TT is due to a decrease in respiratory duty cycle; 2) periodic breathing and increased frequency of sighs constitute part of the changes in the ventilatory pattern induced by DAME; 3) a ventilatory withdrawal reaction may occur after a receptor-agonist interaction of short duration; and 4) although enkephalins can modulate ventilation and the breathing pattern in a major way, these data provide no evidence suggesting that this modulation is tonic. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.4.1311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T05:28:51Z","timestamp":1514179731000},"page":"1311-1320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enkephalin-induced changes in ventilation and ventilatory pattern in adult dogs"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"G. G.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. M.","family":"Hochwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. L.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.4.1311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T05:42:22Z","timestamp":1568007742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.4.1311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.4.1311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.4.1311","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,1]]}}}