{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T02:19:13Z","timestamp":1648952353228},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> It has been suggested that endogenous opioids, such as beta-endorphin (beta-EP), act to depress respiration in the fetus and newborn. We have investigated the effect of infusing beta-EP either intravenously or into a lateral cerebral ventricle on breathing movements and electrocortical activity in eight fetal lambs between 116 and 133 days gestation. Intravenous infusion of beta-EP (200 or 500 micrograms over 1 h) increased plasma beta-EP concentrations 2- to 230-fold and was associated with a small decrease in the percent time spent breathing, from 57.8 +\/- 9.1 to 51.3 +\/- 8.2%\/h (n = 6 exp). There was no change in the amount of high- or low-voltage electrocortical activity. Intracerebroventricular beta-EP infusion (1 or 2 micrograms beta-EP\/min for 120 min) was not associated with any change of breathing movements (n = 5 exp) during the period of the infusion. However, in four experiments, in the 6-h period after the end of the beta-EP infusion there were episodes of 2\u20134 h when the percent time per hour spent breathing exceeded 70%. Electrocortical activity increased in amplitude and distinct episodes of high- and low-voltage activity were sometimes lost in these experiments. We conclude that high concentrations of beta-EP in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid do not totally suppress fetal breathing directly in the fetal lamb. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.3.1005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T05:33:18Z","timestamp":1513834398000},"page":"1005-1011","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of beta-endorphin on fetal breathing movements in sheep"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"I. C.","family":"McMillen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. W.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.3.1005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T10:54:04Z","timestamp":1567940044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.3.1005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,9,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.3.1005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.3.1005","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,9,1]]}}}