{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:06:56Z","timestamp":1789722416902,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Poole, David C., and Odile Mathieu-Costello. Effect of pulmonary emphysema on diaphragm capillary geometry. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 599\u2013606, 1997.\u2014In emphysema, the diaphragm shortens by losing sarcomeres. We hypothesized that unless capillaries undergo a similar shortening, capillary geometry must be altered. Without quantifying this geometry, capillary length and surface area per fiber volume, which are critical measurements of the structural potential for blood-tissue exchange, cannot be resolved. Five months after intratracheal elastase (E) or saline (control; C) instillation, diaphragms from male Syrian golden hamsters were glutaraldehyde perfusion fixed in situ at reference lung positions (residual volume, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity) to provide diaphragms fixed over a range of sarcomere lengths. Subsequently, diaphragms were processed for electron microscopy and analyzed morphometrically. Emphysema increased lung volume changes from \u221220 to 25 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O airway pressure (i.e., passive vital capacity) and excised lung volume (both P &lt; 0.001). In each region of the costal diaphragm (i.e., ventral, medial, dorsal), sarcomere number was reduced (all P &lt; 0.05). Capillary-to-fiber ratio increased (C = 2.2 \u00b1 0.1, E = 2.8 \u00b1 0.1; P &lt; 0.01) and fibers hypertrophied (C = 815 \u00b1 35, E = 987 \u00b1 67 \u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; P &lt; 0.05; both values at 2.5 \u03bcm sarcomere length). Capillary geometry was markedly altered by the loss of sarcomeres in series. Specifically, the additional capillary length derived from capillary tortuosity and branching was increased by 183% at 2.5 \u03bcm sarcomere length compared with C values (C, 359 \u00b1 43; E, 1,020 \u00b1 158 mm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, P &lt; 0.01). This significantly increased total capillary length (C, 3,115 \u00b1 173; E, 3,851 \u00b1 219 mm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> at 2.5 \u03bcm, P &lt; 0.05) and surface area (C, 456 \u00b1 13; E, 519 \u00b1 24 cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, P &lt; 0.05) per fiber volume. Thus emphysema substantially alters diaphragm capillary geometry and augments the capillary length and surface area available for blood-tissue exchange. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.2.599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T07:53:49Z","timestamp":1513929229000},"page":"599-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of pulmonary emphysema on diaphragm  capillary geometry"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"David C.","family":"Poole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Kinesiology and Anatomy\/Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5602; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile","family":"Mathieu-Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0623"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"155","volume":"114","author":"Butler C.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103826"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(90)90008-F"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1263"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.6.1635"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111530"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.2.369"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"135","volume":"108","author":"Ishikawa S.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"1109","volume":"117","author":"Karlinsky J. B.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"330","volume":"127","author":"Kelsen S. G.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.3.934"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"419","volume":"53","author":"Macklem P. T.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1983.tb04240.x"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(87)90010-0"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.3.904"},{"issue":"30","key":"B17","first-page":"H1617","volume":"261","author":"Mathieu-Costello O.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.3.1220"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.1.151"},{"issue":"25","key":"B20","first-page":"H1110","volume":"256","author":"Poole D. C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.3.1068"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.3.1067"},{"key":"B23","first-page":"57","volume":"26","author":"Scherle W.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Mikroscopie"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711200208"},{"issue":"35","key":"B25","first-page":"H1502","volume":"266","author":"Sexton W. L.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1006245"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.4.721"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1986.134.5.1078","volume":"134","author":"Supinski G. S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.5.1789"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110709"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000195497"},{"issue":"38","key":"B32","first-page":"H1328","volume":"269","author":"Voter W. A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.2.599","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T17:29:42Z","timestamp":1567963782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.2.599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.2.599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.2.599","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]}}}