{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:58:20Z","timestamp":1791071900252,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hyde, Richard W., Edgar J. Geigel, Albert J. Olszowka, John A. Krasney, Robert E. Forster II, Mark J. Utell, and Mark W. Frampton.Determination of production of nitric oxide by the lower airways of humans\u2014theory. J. Appl. Physiol.82(4): 1290\u20131296, 1997.\u2014Exercise and inflammatory lung disorders such as asthma and acute lung injury increase exhaled nitric oxide (NO). This finding is interpreted as a rise in production of NO by the lungs (V\u02d9no) but fails to take into account the diffusing capacity for NO (Dno) that carries NO into the pulmonary capillary blood. We have derived equations to measureV\u02d9no from the following rates, which determine NO tension in the lungs (Pl) at any moment from 1) production (V\u02d9no); 2) diffusion, where Dno(Pl) = rate of removal by lung capillary blood; and 3) ventilation, whereV\u02d9a(Pl)\/(Pb\u2212 47) = the rate of NO removal by alveolar ventilation (V\u02d9a) and Pb is barometric pressure. During open-circuit breathing when Pl is not in equilibrium, d\/d tPl[V\n                    <jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/ (Pb \u2212 47)] (where V\n                    <jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub>\n                    is volume of NO in the lower airways) =V\u02d9no\u2212 Dno(Pl) \u2212V\u02d9a(Pl)\/(Pb\u2212 47). When Pl reaches a steady state so that d\/d t = 0 andV\u02d9a is eliminated by rebreathing or breath holding, then Pl =V\u02d9no\/Dno. Pl can be interpreted as NO production per unit of Dno. This equation predicts that diseases that diminish Dno but do not alterV\u02d9no will increase expired NO levels. These equations permit precise measurements of V\u02d9no that can be applied to determining factors controlling NO production by the lungs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.4.1290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T04:19:03Z","timestamp":1513916343000},"page":"1290-1296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Determination of production of nitric oxide by lower airways of humans\u2014theory"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar J.","family":"Geigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Olszowka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, State University of New York School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York 14214; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Krasney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, State University of New York School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York 14214; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Robert E.","family":"Forster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Utell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Frampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06091368","volume":"6","author":"Alving K.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. 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