{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:21:18Z","timestamp":1792192878685,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hales, Charles A., T. H. Elsasser, Peter Ocampo, and Olga Efimova. TNF-\u03b1 in smoke inhalation lung injury. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5): 1433\u20131437, 1997.\u2014Adult respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of morbidity in fire victims. Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) is edematogenic and has been associated with the etiology of other forms of adult respiratory distress syndrome. In the sheep lymph fistula model, we measured TNF-\u03b1 after 48 ( n = 7) or 128 ( n = 3) breaths of cotton smoke and compared this with sham controls ( n = 5) or controls in which left atrial pressure was elevated to 20 mmHg ( n = 5) to increase lymph flow in the absence of inflammation. Smoke induced a rise in lymph flow and pulmonary arterial pressure with either no fall in lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (128 breaths) or a modest fall in lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (48 breaths), consistent with a change in microvascular permeability as well as a rise in microvascular pressure. Lymph concentration of TNF-\u03b1 fell in both groups, although lymph flux (concentration \u00d7 flow) transiently rose in both. In neither case did TNF-\u03b1 flux exceed that induced by left atrial pressure elevation. TNF-\u03b1 was detectable in only one out of five sheep in alveolar lavage. Thus, by utilizing a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay, we were unable to demonstrate a role for TNF-\u03b1 in smoke-induced microvascular lung injury in sheep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.5.1433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T08:58:57Z","timestamp":1513933137000},"page":"1433-1437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["TNF-\u03b1 in smoke inhalation lung injury"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Hales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Burns Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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