{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:40:25Z","timestamp":1765827625833},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that dysrhythmic breathing induced by the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-agonist clonidine is accompanied by differential recruitment of respiratory muscles. In adult goats ( n = 14) electromyographic (EMG) measurements were made from inspiratory muscles (diaphragm and parasternal intercostal) and expiratory muscles [triangularis sterni (TS) and transversus abdominis (Abd)]. EMG of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle was used as an index of upper airway (glottal) patency. Peak EMG activities of all spinal inspiratory and expiratory muscles were augmented by central and peripheral chemoreceptor stimuli. Phasic TA was apparent in the postinspiratory phase of the breathing cycle under normoxic conditions. During dysrhythmic breathing episodes induced by clonidine, TS and Abd activities were attenuated or abolished, whereas diaphragm and parasternal intercostal activities were unchanged. There was no tonic activation of TS or Abd EMG during apneas; however, TA activity became tonic throughout the apnea. We conclude that 1) \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-adrenoceptor stimulation results in differential recruitment of respiratory muscles during respiratory dysrhythmias and 2) apneas are accompanied by active glottic closure in the awake goat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.4.1198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T20:25:28Z","timestamp":1513974328000},"page":"1198-1207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Differential respiratory muscle recruitment induced by clonidine in awake goats"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Hedrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Hayward, California 94542; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melinda R.","family":"Dwinell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick L.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josue","family":"Pizarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald E.","family":"Bisgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.4.1355"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Berger A. L., Bellingham M. C.Mechanisms of respiratory motor output.Regulation of Breathing2nd ed., Dempsey J. A., Pack A. I.79199571149DekkerNew York (Lung Biol. Health Dis. Ser.)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.1.1"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902620408"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(80)90036-5"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.51.5.624"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90600-0"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1968.31.2.142"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(87)90061-2"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.1.416"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.2.602"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.1.211"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90661-0"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"739","volume":"82","author":"Hedrick M. S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ventral Brainstem Mechanisms and Control of Respiration and Blood Pressure"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(95)00030-H"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.77.2.742"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020042"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.2.671"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.2.704"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.2_Pt_1.435"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00814-7"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.3.1262"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(91)90054-M"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.3.1088"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.06.916","volume":"53","author":"Lavoie J. P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.5.1614"},{"issue":"38","key":"B27","first-page":"R1356","volume":"269","author":"Li Y.-W.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5276.801"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1992.tb03566.x"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01058-4"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(96)00013-8"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.33.040193.001331"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(93)90121-P"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019061"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/299728a0"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(90)90029-X"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019490"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(84)90030-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.4.1198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T01:28:11Z","timestamp":1719710891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.4.1198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.4.1198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.4.1198","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]}}}