{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:13:58Z","timestamp":1761581638605},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Physiological evidence has indicated that central respiratory chemosensitivity may be ascribed to neurons located at the ventral medullary surface (VMS); however, in recent years, multiple sites have been proposed. Because c-Fos immunoreactivity is presumed to identify primary cells as well as second- and third-order cells that are activated by a particular stimulus, we hypothesized that activation of VMS cells using a known adequate respiratory stimulus, H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, would induce production of c-Fos in cells that participate in the central pH-sensitive respiratory chemoreflex loop. In this study, stimulation of rostral and caudal VMS respiratory chemosensitive sites in chloralose-urethane-anesthetized rats with acidic (pH 7.2) mock cerebrospinal fluid induced c-Fos protein immunoreactivity in widespread brain sites, such as VMS, ventral pontine surface, retrotrapezoid, medial and lateral parabrachial, lateral reticular nuclei, cranial nerves VII and X nuclei, A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and C<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> areas, area postrema, locus coeruleus, and paragigantocellular nuclei. At the hypothalamus, the c-Fos reaction product was seen in the dorsomedial, lateral hypothalamic, supraoptic, and periventricular nuclei. These results suggest that 1) multiple c-Fos-positive brain stem and hypothalamic structures may represent part of a neuronal network responsive to cerebrospinal fluid pH changes at the VMS, and 2) VMS pH-sensitive neurons project to widespread regions in the brain stem and hypothalamus that include respiratory and cardiovascular control sites. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.2.475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T22:48:21Z","timestamp":1513982901000},"page":"475-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Decreased CSF pH at ventral brain stem induces widespread c-Fos immunoreactivity in rat brain neurons"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"R. 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