{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:36:57Z","timestamp":1791081417728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Inspiratory resistance (R<jats:sub>INSP<\/jats:sub>) and reactance (X<jats:sub>INSP<\/jats:sub>) were measured for 7 min at 5 Hz in 10 subjects with mild asymptomatic asthma and 9 healthy subjects to assess the effects of airway smooth muscle (ASM) activation by methacholine (MCh) and unloading by chest wall strapping (CWS) on the variability of lung function and the effects of deep inspiration (DI). Subjects were studied at control conditions, after MCh, with CWS, and after MCh with CWS. In all experimental conditions X<jats:sub>INSP<\/jats:sub> was significantly more negative in subjects with asthma than in healthy subjects, suggesting greater inhomogeneity in the former. However, the variability in both R<jats:sub>INSP<\/jats:sub> and X<jats:sub>INSP<\/jats:sub> was increased by either ASM activation or CWS, without significant difference between groups. DI significantly reversed MCh-induced changes in R<jats:sub>INSP<\/jats:sub> both in subjects with asthma and healthy subjects, but X<jats:sub>INSP<\/jats:sub> in the former only. This effect was impaired by CWS more in subjects with asthma than in healthy subjects. The velocity of R<jats:sub>INSP<\/jats:sub> and X<jats:sub>INSP<\/jats:sub> recovery after DI was faster in subjects with asthma than healthy subjects. In conclusion, these results support the opinion that the short-term variability in respiratory impedance is related to ASM tone or operating length, rather than to the disease. Nevertheless, ASM in individuals with asthma differs from that in healthy individuals in an increased velocity of shortening and a reduced sensitivity to mechanical stress when strain is reduced. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00013.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]],"date-time":"2013-06-14T00:18:30Z","timestamp":1371169110000},"page":"708-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Short-term variability in respiratory impedance and effect of deep breath in asthmatic and healthy subjects with airway smooth muscle activation and unloading"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gobbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TBM Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Gulotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumologia-Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, AOU S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano (Torino), Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Pompilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TBM Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Crimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Universit\u00e0 di Catania, Catania, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Torchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumologia-Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, AOU S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano (Torino), Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Dutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicina d'Urgenza, ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anestesia, ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele L.","family":"Dellac\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TBM Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Brusasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genova; Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00216.2007"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00112606"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.3.1185"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.3.552"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200808-1211OC"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200705-063VS"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01170.2003"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200705-056VS"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.5.9903102"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00001.2003"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91428.2008"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"57","volume":"134","author":"Cerrina J","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(89)90095-6"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00065411"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.1.9703002"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.3.1029"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00046804"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00139608"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1673-3"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/31\/4\/N01"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2211-7"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00633.2011"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00420.2006"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.3.9906054"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.6.2703"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.6.2001"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eTELEMED.2009.18"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.185.12.1330"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.268.5.C1267"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00483.2012"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00181608"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.3.2010109"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368321"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1114\/1.146"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00519.2007"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00064006"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.04.015"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542167"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/25\/5\/006"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00483.2012a"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00870.2012"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.01.006"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Quanjer PH","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.3.1131"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00117502"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1544"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01192.2010"},{"key":"B50","first-page":"72","volume":"31","author":"Smith HJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir Mon"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.3.325"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00085.2011"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.5.1616"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00379.2005"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070956"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01133.2007"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.05.023"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03490"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00035005"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-0600(88)90007-5"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200311-1529OC"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00013.2013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T20:10:21Z","timestamp":1567973421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00013.2013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00013.2013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00013.2013","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]}}}