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This review provides three unique examples illustrating how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems interrelate because of the pathology of HF. Specifically, these examples outline the impact of HF pathophysiology on 1) respiratory mechanics and the mechanical \u201ccost\u201d of breathing; 2) mechanical interactions of the heart and lungs; and on 3) abnormalities of pulmonary gas exchange during exercise, and how this may be applied to treatment. 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