{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:28:20Z","timestamp":1777620500106,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY OF RESPIRATORY SCIENCE","award":["ANZSRS RESEARCH GRANT 2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANZSRS RESEARCH GRANT 2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) indices provide insight into ventilation heterogeneity globally [lung clearance index (LCI)] and within acinar (S<jats:sub>acin<\/jats:sub>) and conducting (S<jats:sub>cond<\/jats:sub>) airways. Normal aging leads to an accelerated deterioration of S<jats:sub>acin<\/jats:sub>in older adults, but little is known about the contribution of peripheral airway function to changes in pulmonary function indices reflecting expiratory airflow [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>)\/forced vital capacity (FVC)] and gas trapping [residual volume (RV)\/total lung capacity (TLC)] with aging. We aimed to examine associations between MBNW and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC as well as RV\/TLC in healthy adults, and to determine if these relationships differ in older (\u226550 yr) versus younger subjects (&lt;50 yr). Seventy-nine healthy adult volunteers aged 23\u201389 yr with no cardiac or respiratory disease and a smoking history of &lt;5 pack-years underwent spirometry, plethysmography, and MBNW. After adjustment for sex, height, and body mass index, the following relationships were present across the entire cohort: S<jats:sub>acin<\/jats:sub>was inversely related to FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009= 0.22, P &lt; 0.001); S<jats:sub>acin<\/jats:sub>and S<jats:sub>cond<\/jats:sub>were positively related to RV\/TLC (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.53, P &lt; 0.001); on separate analyses, the relationship between S<jats:sub>acin<\/jats:sub>and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC was strongest in the older group (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.20, P = 0.003) but markedly weaker in the younger group (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.09, P = 0.04); and S<jats:sub>acin<\/jats:sub>and S<jats:sub>cond<\/jats:sub>were related to RV\/TLC in older (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.20, P = 0.003) but not younger subgroups. No relationships were observed between LCI and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC or RV\/TLC. Changes in FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC and RV\/TLC are at least in part due to changes in peripheral airway function with aging. Further studies of the relationships between MBNW and standard pulmonary function indices may prove useful for their combined application and interpretation in obstructive airways disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p>NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY This study explores associations between multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) and standard pulmonary function indices reflecting expiratory airflow [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>)\/forced vital capacity (FVC)] and gas trapping [residual volume (RV)\/total lung capacity (TLC)] in healthy adults across a wide range of ages. We have demonstrated statistically significant relationships between MBNW and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC as well as RV\/TLC. These findings provide novel evidence of the contribution of peripheral airway function to changes in standard pulmonary function indices with aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00114.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T19:56:57Z","timestamp":1535054217000},"page":"1378-1383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Contribution of peripheral airway function to changes in FEV<sub>1<\/sub>\/FVC and RV\/TLC with aging"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Htun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, 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E.","family":"Farrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig L.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7397-105X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul D.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory G.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, New Lambton, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B3","first-page":"2165","volume":"126","author":"Brandli O","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schweiz Med 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