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In contrast, the impact of physiological exercise on protein O-GlcNAcylation in the heart is currently unknown. Swim-training exercise in mice was associated with the development of a physiological hypertrophy characterized by an improvement in contractile function relative to sedentary mice. General protein O-GlcNAcylation was significantly decreased in swim-exercised mice. This effect was mirrored in the level of O-GlcNAcylation of individual proteins such as SP1. The decrease in protein O-GlcNAcylation was associated with a decrease in the expression of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and glutamine-fructose amidotransferase (GFAT) 2 mRNA. O-GlcNAcase (OGA) activity was actually lower in swim-trained than sedentary hearts, suggesting that it did not contribute to the decreased protein O-GlcNAcylation. Thus it appears that exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy is associated with a decrease in protein O-GlcNAcylation, which could potentially contribute to changes in gene expression and other physiological changes associated with exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00147.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,15]],"date-time":"2011-04-15T02:29:51Z","timestamp":1302834591000},"page":"157-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Swim-exercised mice show a decreased level of protein<i>O<\/i>-GlcNAcylation and expression of<i>O<\/i>-GlcNAc transferase in heart"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Darrell D.","family":"Belke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, 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