{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:25:02Z","timestamp":1789079102556,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000777","name":"University Of Leeds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD studentship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD studentship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000777","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Endothelial cell phenotype and endothelial function are regulated by hemodynamic forces, particularly wall shear stress (WSS). During a single bout of exercise, the specific exercise protocol can affect in-exercise WSS patterns and, consequently, endothelial function. MicroRNAs might provide a biomarker of in-exercise WSS pattern to indicate whether a specific exercise bout will have a positive effect on endothelial function. We evaluated the effect of acute interval (IT) and continuous (CON) in-exercise WSS patterns upon postexercise endothelial function and circulating microRNA (miR)-21 expression. Methods and results: 13 participants performed CON and 3 different IT exercise protocols matched for duration and intensity on separate days. Oxygen uptake, heart rate, and brachial artery blood flow were recorded throughout the exercise. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was performed pre-exercise and 15 min postexercise. Plasma samples were acquired pre-exercise and 6 h postexercise to determine miR-21 expression. In-exercise shear rate (SR) patterns (a surrogate of WSS) differed according to the CON or IT work-rate profile. In-exercise anterograde SR was greater in CON than IT exercise ( P &lt; 0.05), but retrograde SR was equivalent between exercise protocols ( P &gt; 0.05). Oscillatory shear index was higher during IT versus CON exercise ( P &lt; 0.05). Postexercise FMD increased (pre: 7.08%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.95%, post: 10.54%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.24%, P &lt; 0.05), whereas miR-21 expression was unchanged (pre: 12.0%\u2009\u00b1\u200920.7% cel-miR-39, post: 11.1\u2009\u00b1\u200919.3% cel-miR-39, P &gt; 0.05) with no effect of exercise protocol ( P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: CON and IT exercise induced different SR patterns but equivalent improvements in acute endothelial function. The absence of change in miR-21 expression suggests that miR-21 is not a suitable biomarker of exercise-induced SR. <\/jats:p><jats:p> NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Interval exercise has the potential to negatively impact vascular adaptations because of repeated oscillations in vascular shear. To our knowledge, we are the first to continuously assess exercise-induced shear throughout different acute exercise protocols and examine its relationship with acute endothelial function and a circulating biomarker of shear (miR-21). These experiments provide clear data indicating enhancement of the acute vascular response from differing interval exercise protocols, with the study also providing detailed vascular and shear responses for future reference. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00156.2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T14:53:02Z","timestamp":1570719182000},"page":"1754-1762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["In-exercise vascular shear rate during acute continuous and interval exercise: impact on endothelial function and miR-21"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma Kate","family":"Lyall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, United 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