{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:36:33Z","timestamp":1793133393175,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The 1952 Copenhagen poliomyelitis epidemic provided extraordinary challenges in applied physiology. Over 300 patients developed respiratory paralysis within a few weeks, and the ventilator facilities at the infectious disease hospital were completely overwhelmed. The heroic solution was to call upon 200 medical students to provide round-the-clock manual ventilation using a rubber bag attached to a tracheostomy tube. Some patients were ventilated in this way for several weeks. A second challenge was to understand the gas exchange and acid-base status of these patients. At the onset of the epidemic, the only measurement routinely available in the hospital was the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, and the high values were initially misinterpreted as a mysterious \u201calkalosis.\u201d However, pH measurements were quickly instituted, the Pco<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was shown to be high, and modern clinical respiratory acid-base physiology was born. Taking a broader view, the problems highlighted by the epidemic underscored the gap between recent advances made by physiologists and their application to the clinical environment. However, the 1950s ushered in a renaissance in clinical respiratory physiology. In 1950 the coverage of respiratory physiology in textbooks was often woefully inadequate, but the decade saw major advances in topics such as mechanics and gas exchange. An important development was the translation of the new knowledge from departments of physiology to the clinical setting. In many respects, this period was therefore the beginning of modern clinical respiratory physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00184.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]],"date-time":"2005-07-14T14:00:07Z","timestamp":1121349607000},"page":"424-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["The physiological challenges of the 1952 Copenhagen poliomyelitis epidemic and a renaissance in clinical respiratory physiology"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"John B.","family":"West","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4865.786"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365515609049241"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astrup P, Gotzche H, and Neukirch F.Laboratory investigations during treatment of patients with poliomyelitis and respiratory paralysis.Br Med J4865: 780\u2013786, 1954.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4865.780"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Astrup Pand Severinghaus J.The History of Blood Gases, Acids and Bases.Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1986."},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Best CHand Taylor NB.The Physiological Basis of Medical Practice.Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1950."},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Bjorneboe M.Studenten og poliopatienten.Ugeskr L\u00e6ger115: 469\u2013471, 1953."},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Bower AG, Bennett VR, Dillon JB, and Axelrod B.Investigation on the care and treatment of poliomyelitis patients.Ann West Med Surg4: 561\u2013582, 1950."},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Bower AG, Bennett VR, Dillon JB, and Axelrod B.Investigation on the care and treatment of poliomyelitis patients; II. 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