{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:11:02Z","timestamp":1788174662384,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5 R01 HL105212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 R01 HL105212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["959915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["959915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"C. V. Starr Research Foundation at the Cooper Union"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with anatomical abnormalities restricting upper airway size and functional factors decreasing pharyngeal dilator activity in sleep. In this study we hypothesized that OSAS is also associated with altered pharyngeal mechanical compliance during wakefulness. Five OSAS and six control obese girls between 14 and 18 years of age were studied. All underwent polysomnography, critical closing pressure (P\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) studies, and dynamic MRI of the upper airway during awake tidal breathing. Effective airway compliance was defined as the slope of cross-sectional area vs. average pressure between maximum inspiration and maximum expiration along the pharyngeal airway. Pharyngeal pressure fields were calculated by using image-based computational fluid dynamics and nasal resistance. Spearman correlations were calculated to test associations between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), P\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and airway compliance. Effective compliances in the nasopharynx (C\n                    <jats:sub>NP<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and velopharynx (C\n                    <jats:sub>VP<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were lower and negative in OSAS compared with controls: \u22124.4 vs. 1.9 (mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O, P = 0.012) and \u22122.1 vs. 3.9 (mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O, P = 0.021), respectively, suggesting a strong phasic pharyngeal dilator activity during inspiration in OSAS compared with controls. For all subjects, C\n                    <jats:sub>NP<\/jats:sub>\n                    and AHI correlated negatively (r\n                    <jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>\n                    = \u22120.69, P = 0.02), and passive P\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    correlated with C\n                    <jats:sub>NP<\/jats:sub>\n                    (r\n                    <jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>\n                    = \u22120.76, P = 0.006) and with AHI (r\n                    <jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.86, P = 0.0006). Pharyngeal mechanics obtained during wakefulness could be used to characterize subjects with OSAS. Moreover, negative effective compliance during wakefulness and its correlation to AHI and P\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    suggest that phasic dilator activity of the upper pharynx compensates for negative pressure loads in these subjects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00190.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T22:53:31Z","timestamp":1469141611000},"page":"925-931","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Computational fluid dynamics upper airway effective compliance, critical closing pressure, and obstructive sleep apnea severity in obese adolescent girls"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Wootton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanghun","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Yazdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"McDonough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Wagshul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen R.","family":"Isasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raanan","family":"Arens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, New York;"},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00689.2009"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172","volume":"8","author":"Berry RB","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5164"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.12.038"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.4.1346"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-590OC"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018537"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018536"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2110"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications","author":"Iber C","year":"2007"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200301-092OC"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-135MG"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.03.023"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00462.2003"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000147565.74947.14"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.77.2.918"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00002.2014"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115751"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.03.035"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01230.2010"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24653"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.10.024"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24608"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00746.2013"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.06.021"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.10.033"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00190.2016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T02:40:39Z","timestamp":1600915239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00190.2016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00190.2016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00190.2016","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}}}