{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T01:12:02Z","timestamp":1788138722814,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"None to report"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Diving bradycardia is a primordial oxygen-conserving reflex by which the heart rate of air-breathing vertebrates, including humans, slows down in response to water immersion. Its discovery is attributed to Paul Bert, whose seminal observation was published in 1870 as part of a series of experiments that examined physiological adaptations to asphyxia in ducks and other animals. However, Edmund Goodwyn, a British physician who studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, had already described this reflex in his doctoral thesis, which was originally published in Latin in 1786 and again in English in 1788. Ironically, even though Goodwyn's work has yet to be recognized in the diving physiology literature, it was referenced in the very publication that contains Bert's original observation. Thus this article brings Goodwyn\u2019s work and its historical context to light and argues that he should be credited with the first description of diving bradycardia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00221.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T01:00:40Z","timestamp":1494550840000},"page":"275-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Edmund Goodwyn and the first description of diving bradycardia"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Vega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Stroke, Novant Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e328344bcdc"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1970.03170110055015"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Le\u00e7ons sur la physiologie compar\u00e9e de la respiration","author":"Bert P","year":"1870"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.104929"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Medical Commentaries for the Year 1788","volume":"3","author":"Duncan A","year":"1789"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511735714"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"The Connexion of Life with Respiration; or, an Experimental Inquiry into the Effects of Submersion, Strangulation, and Several Kinds of Noxious Airs, on Living Animals: with an Account of the Nature of the Disease They Produce; Its Distinction from Death Itself; and the Most Effectual Means of Cure","author":"Goodwyn E","year":"1788"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007769"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"686","volume-title":"A System of Medicine, by Many Writers","volume":"7","author":"Hill L","year":"1910"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1913.sp000139"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.82.2137.569"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1942.135.3.557"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030180302"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1929.88.4.592","volume":"88","author":"Kopp\u00e1nyi T","year":"1928","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00020.2013"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0370164600025852"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.076455"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"244","volume":"1","author":"Richet C","year":"1894","journal-title":"C R Soc Biol Paris"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"641","volume":"1","author":"Richet C","year":"1899","journal-title":"J Physiol Pathol Gen"},{"key":"B21","volume-title":"Hvalradets Skrifter. Experimental Investigations on the Respiratory Function in Diving Mammals and Birds","author":"Scholander PF","year":"1940"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.2.184"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.3.323"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"43","volume":"37","author":"Thomson EH","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull Hist Med"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Pneumotherapy Including Aerotherapy and Inhalation Methods and Therapy","volume":"5","author":"Tissier PL","year":"1903"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00128.2013"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00221.2017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T17:29:43Z","timestamp":1567963783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00221.2017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00221.2017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00221.2017","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]}}}