{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:20:28Z","timestamp":1790047228287,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We tested the hypothesis that pharyngeal geometry and soft tissue dimensions correlate with the severity of sleep-disordered breathing. Magnetic resonance images of the pharynx were obtained in 18 awake children, 7-12 yr of age, with obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) values ranging from 1.81 to 24.2 events\/h. Subjects were divided into low-OAHI ( n = 9) and high-OAHI ( n = 9) groups [2.8 \u00b1 0.7 and 13.5 \u00b1 4.9 (SD) P &lt; 0.001]. The OAHI correlated positively with the size of the tonsils ( r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.42, P = 0.024) and soft palate ( r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.33, P = 0.049) and inversely with the volume of the oropharyx ( r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.42, P = 0.038). The narrowest point in the pharyngeal airway was smaller in the high-compared with the low-OAHI group (4.4 \u00b1 1.2 vs. 6.0 \u00b1 1.3 mm; P = 0.024), and this point was in the retropalatal airway in all but two subjects. The airway cross-sectional area (CSA)-airway length relation showed that the high-OAHI group had a narrower retropapatal airway than the low-OAHI group, particularly in the retropalatal region where the soft palate, adenoids, and tonsils overlap ( P = 0.001). The \u201cretropalatal air space,\u201d which we defined as the ratio of the retropalatal airway CSA to the CSA of the soft palate, correlated inversely with the OAHI ( r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.49, P = 0.001). We conclude that 7- to 12-yr-old children with a narrow retropalatal air space have significantly more apneas and hypopneas during sleep compared with children with relatively unobstructed retropalatal airways. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T15:47:13Z","timestamp":1425397633000},"page":"2030-2038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Sleep-disordered breathing, pharyngeal size and soft tissue anatomy in children"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"R. F.","family":"Fregosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. F.","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Kaemingk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gmitro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.2.8564147"},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.4.16041"},{"key":"REF3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.1.2107140"},{"key":"REF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arens R, McDonough JM, Corbin AM, Rubin NK, Carroll ME, Pack AI, Liu J, and Udupa JK. 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