{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:36:49Z","timestamp":1773419809697,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A current and major unanswered question is why the highly sensitive central CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> chemoreceptors do not prevent hypoventilation-induced hypercapnia following carotid body denervation (CBD). Because perturbations involving the carotid bodies affect central neuromodulator and\/or neurotransmitter levels within the respiratory network, we tested the hypothesis that after CBD there is an increase in inhibitory and\/or a decrease in excitatory neurochemicals within the ventrolateral medullary column (VMC) in awake goats. Microtubules for chronic use were implanted bilaterally in the VMC within or near the pre-B\u00f6tzinger Complex (preB\u00f6tC) through which mock cerebrospinal fluid (mCSF) was dialyzed. Effluent mCSF was collected and analyzed for neurochemical content. The goats hypoventilated (peak +22.3 \u00b1 3.4 mmHg Pa<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and exhibited a reduced CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> chemoreflex (nadir, 34.8 \u00b1 7.4% of control \u0394V\u0307<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\/\u0394Pa<jats:sub>CO<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) after CBD with significant but limited recovery over 30 days post-CBD. After CBD, GABA and glycine were above pre-CBD levels (266 \u00b1 29% and 189 \u00b1 25% of pre-CBD; P &lt; 0.05), and glutamine and dopamine were significantly below pre-CBD levels ( P &lt; 0.05). Serotonin, substance P, and epinephrine were variable but not significantly ( P &gt; 0.05) different from control after CBD. Analyses of brainstem tissues collected 30 days after CBD exhibited 1) a midline raphe-specific reduction ( P &lt; 0.05) in the percentage of tryptophan hydroxylase\u2013expressing neurons, and 2) a reduction ( P &lt; 0.05) in serotonin transporter density in five medullary respiratory nuclei. We conclude that after CBD, an increase in inhibitory neurotransmitters and a decrease in excitatory neuromodulation within the VMC\/preB\u00f6tC likely contribute to the hypoventilation and attenuated ventilatory CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> chemoreflex. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T00:53:23Z","timestamp":1374195203000},"page":"1088-1098","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Changes in neurochemicals within the ventrolateral medullary respiratory column in awake goats after carotid body denervation"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Justin Robert","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Neumueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Muere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Olesiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubert V.","family":"Forster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and"},{"name":"Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.4.843"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.6.964"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.2.184"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.187211"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.01.019"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040239"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5692-7_45"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.3.1220"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20909"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0076"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.042259"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1966.210.3.459","volume":"210","author":"Fencl V","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00602.2002"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73693-8_56"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(99)00115-2"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.6.2395"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90452.2008"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.02.005"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00584.2004"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01011.2004"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(99)00072-9"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.1.147"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-10-j0005.2000"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-20-08436.1998"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90966.2008"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1245-12.2012"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90421-0"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0068"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084674"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2000.03193.x"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-172312","volume":"25","author":"Miller J","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.4.1266"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020229"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.234658"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00634.2012"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4167-07.2007"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01061.2010"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91305.2008"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.4.1299"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2003.10.010"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.567ae.x"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00819.2001"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.3.1150"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3154"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91483-H"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(97)00093-5"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01308.2005"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00953.2003"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.2.777"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.3.333"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T20:06:00Z","timestamp":1567973160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2013","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]}}}