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This review examines the following eight controversies: 1) reliance on core temperature for diagnosing and assessing severity of EHS; 2) hypothalamic damage induces heat stroke and this mediates \u201cthermoregulatory failure\u201d during the immediate recovery period; 3) EHS is a predictable condition primarily resulting from overwhelming heat stress; 4) heat-induced endotoxemia mediates systemic inflammatory response syndrome in all EHS cases; 5) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for EHS prevention; 6) EHS shares similar mechanisms with malignant hyperthermia; 7) cooling to a specific body core temperature during treatment for EHS; and 8) return to physical activity based on physiological responses to a single-exercise heat tolerance test. In this review, we present and discuss the origins and the evidence for each controversy and propose next steps to resolve the misconception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00452.2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T09:43:08Z","timestamp":1569231788000},"page":"1338-1348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Controversies in exertional heat stroke diagnosis, prevention, and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2768-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Laitano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William O.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Sawka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00315"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00242.2017"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Auerbach\u2019s Wilderness Medicine E-Book","author":"Auerbach PS","year":"2016"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389904"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.9.07"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90667-2"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011089"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology.","author":"Boulant JA","year":"1996"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"816","volume":"50","author":"Bynum G","year":"1979","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000218134.74238.6a"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.16.3.238"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.9.07"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.06.023"},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"Army Regulation (AR) 40\u2013501. 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