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This review focuses on five main themes regarding the current understanding of thermoregulatory dysfunction in MS: 1) heat sensitivity; 2) central regulation of body temperature; 3) thermoregulatory effector responses; 4) heat-induced fatigue; and 5) countermeasures to improve or maintain function during thermal stress. Heat sensitivity in MS is related to the detrimental effects of increased temperature on action potential propagation in demyelinated axons, resulting in conduction slowing and\/or block, which can be quantitatively characterized using precise measurements of ocular movements. MS lesions can also occur in areas of the brain responsible for the control and regulation of body temperature and thermoregulatory effector responses, resulting in impaired neural control of sudomotor pathways or neural-induced changes in eccrine sweat glands, as evidenced by observations of reduced sweating responses in MS patients. Fatigue during thermal stress is common in MS and results in decreased motor function and increased symptomatology likely due to impairments in central conduction. Although not comprehensive, some evidence exists concerning treatments (cooling, precooling, and pharmacological) for the MS patient to preserve function and decrease symptom worsening during heat stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00460.2010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,29]],"date-time":"2010-07-29T21:01:47Z","timestamp":1280437307000},"page":"1531-1537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Thermoregulation in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Wellness, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas;"},{"name":"Departments of 2Neurology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thad E.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 3Biomedical Sciences and"},{"name":"Specialty Medicine, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea T.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science and"},{"name":"The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot M.","family":"Frohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 2Neurology and"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02267621"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100039536"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/38.5.333"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.5.892"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880070902"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology. 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