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After World War 2, he utilized and modified these instruments and made use of indicator dilution techniques by continuous intracardiac blood sampling to greatly increase the specificity and sensitivity of diagnosis of intracardiac anatomic and functional abnormalities in patients with congenital heart disease. This contributed to the greatly increased success rate of open-heart surgery in the 1950s. In the 1960s, he built on the then recently available video-coupled electronic X-ray image intensifier to develop X-ray fluoroscopy-based recording of indicator dilution signals in all cardiac chambers and surrounding great vessels without the need for placing catheter tips at those locations for blood sampling. However, these blood flow-related data were of limited value, as they were not measured concurrent with myocardial functional demand for perfusion. In the 1970s, he overcame this limitation by developing a high-speed multislice X-ray imaging scanner to provide tomographic images of concurrent dynamic cardiac anatomy and the indicator dilution-based estimates of blood flow distributions. On his retirement at age 70 in 1982, he had accomplished his 2 decade-old goal of the ability to make accurate concurrent, minimally invasive, and indicator dilution-based measurement of cardiovascular structure to function relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00491.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T05:26:20Z","timestamp":1409894780000},"page":"945-956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Earl Wood\u2013A research career noted for development of novel instruments driven by the power of the indicator dilution concept"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Erik L.","family":"Ritman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011217"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016926109172827"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.193.3.880-b"},{"key":"B4a","volume-title":"Edison: Inventing the Century","author":"Baldwin N","year":"2001"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"30","volume":"5","author":"Bassingthwaighte JB","year":"1966","journal-title":"Med Res Eng"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"129","volume":"23","author":"Brown GE","year":"1948","journal-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.18.6.1105"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108589"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/51.3.359"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Retrospectocope","author":"Comroe JH","year":"1977"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"144","volume":"2","author":"Comroe JH","year":"1950","journal-title":"Methods Med Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4809(70)90059-5"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4809(72)90079-1"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"392","volume":"24","author":"Crehan EL","year":"1950","journal-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-9327(71)90038-X"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.82303","volume-title":"On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life","author":"Darwin C","year":"1859"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(75)90888-7"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/R-272"},{"key":"B19","volume-title":"Four Quartets","author":"Eliot TS","year":"1943"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(03)80791-2"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"153","volume":"39","author":"Fegler G","year":"1954","journal-title":"Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"478","volume":"32","author":"Fox IJ","year":"1957","journal-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1957.11.3.390"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"609","volume-title":"Intra Vascular Catheterization","author":"Fox IJ","year":"1959"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"163\u2013168","volume-title":"Medical Physics","author":"Fox IJ","year":"1960","edition":"3"},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics","author":"Galison PL","year":"1997"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"171","volume":"37","author":"Gibbon JH","year":"1954","journal-title":"Minn Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1976.1674560"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00066.2004"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.10.3.409"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1974.227.1.230","volume":"227","author":"Greenleaf JF","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.1970.4325712"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(65)90258-9"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/3.977546"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"115","volume":"75","author":"Herman GT","year":"1975","journal-title":"Comput Cardiol IEEE"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.2.468"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference and Exposition: Computer Graphics 85, vol. 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