{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:25:05Z","timestamp":1771464305909,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Although the cerebrovasculature is known to be exquisitely sensitive to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, there is no consensus on whether the sympathetic nervous system plays a role in regulating cerebrovascular responses to changes in arterial CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. To address this question, we investigated human cerebrovascular CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity in healthy participants randomly assigned to the \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-adrenoreceptor blockade group (9 participants; oral prazosin, 0.05 mg\/kg) or the placebo control (9 participants) group. We recorded mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), mean middle cerebral artery flow velocity (MCA<jats:sub>V mean<\/jats:sub>), and partial pressure of end-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (Pet<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub>) during 5% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inhalation and voluntary hyperventilation. CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity was quantified as the slope of the linear relationship between breath-to-breath Pet<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub> and the average MCAv<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> within successive breathes after accounting for MAP as a covariate. Prazosin did not alter resting HR, Pet<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub>, MAP, or MCA<jats:sub>V mean<\/jats:sub>. The reduction in hypocapnic CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity following prazosin (\u22120.48 \u00b1 0.093 cm\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7mmHg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was greater compared with placebo (\u22120.19 \u00b1 0.087 cm\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7mmHg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; P &lt; 0.05 for interaction). In contrast, the change in hypercapnic CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity following prazosin (\u22120.23 cm\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7mmHg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was similar to placebo (\u22120.31 cm\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7mmHg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; P = 0.50 for interaction). These data indicate that the sympathetic nervous system contributes to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity via \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-adrenoreceptors; blocking this pathway with prazosin reduces CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity to hypocapnia but not hypercapnia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00614.2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,29]],"date-time":"2012-06-29T00:55:07Z","timestamp":1340931307000},"page":"700-706","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Sympathetic regulation of the human cerebrovascular response to carbon dioxide"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"K. C.","family":"Peebles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Systems Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington South, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. G.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Systems Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington South, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. A.","family":"MacRae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Systems Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington South, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. M.","family":"Horsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Systems Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington South, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. C.","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Systems Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington South, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.91008.2008"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.10.1907"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2010.00974.x"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"S333","volume":"9","author":"Bouma GJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91349.2008"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00332.2007"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(01)00015-4"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.605618"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198805000-00003"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1963.204.3.471","volume":"204","author":"Downing SE","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.5.968"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198505000-00003"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.8.1679"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00991.x"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.557132"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"33","volume":"603","author":"Henriksen O","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.2.398"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"65","author":"Holm S","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Statist"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198005040-00004"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00042.2011"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.3.383"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.2.433"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01409479"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-5"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.046987"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.5.670"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.3.457"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.4.2.187"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.11.1613"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.167999"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.510008"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.157073"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90396-2"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90613.2008"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2003.t01-1-00323.x"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000087788.65566.AC"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/28\/2\/005"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.276.5.H1691"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(99)00067-4"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.7.1672"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.3.6.711"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.5.2101"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200209000-00004"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90597.2008a"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1991.tb03696.x"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90597.2008"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000125439.28861.ed"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00802.2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00614.2012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T18:42:35Z","timestamp":1567968155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00614.2012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00614.2012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00614.2012","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]}}}