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Cerebral hypoperfusion and TLOC have been associated with hypocapnia related to HV. Notwithstanding pronounced cerebrovascular effects of Pa<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub>the contribution of a low Pa<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub>to the early postural reduction in middle cerebral artery blood velocity is transient. HV together with postural stress does not reduce cerebral perfusion to such an extent that TLOC develops. However when HV is combined with cardiovascular stressors like cold immersion or reduced cardiac output brain perfusion becomes jeopardized. Whether, in patients with cardiovascular disease and\/or defect, cerebral blood flow cerebral control HV-induced hypocapnia elicits cerebral hypoperfusion, leading to TLOC, remains to be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00637.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T04:37:32Z","timestamp":1385095052000},"page":"844-851","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Hyperventilation, cerebral perfusion, and syncope"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"R. 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