{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T14:31:51Z","timestamp":1776868311102,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R15HD076379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15HD076379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R15HD076379-A1S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15HD076379-A1S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Isoflurane (ISO) is a commonly used anesthetic that offers rapid recovery for laboratory animal research. Initial studies indicated no difference in arterial Pco<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>([Formula: see text]) or pH between conscious (NO ISO) and 1% ISO-exposed CD-1 mice. Our laboratory investigated whether arterial blood sampling with 1% ISO is a suitable alternative to NO ISO sampling for monitoring ventilation in a commonly studied mouse strain. We hypothesized similar blood chemistry, breathing patterns, and cardiovascular responses with NO ISO and 1% ISO. C57BL\/6J mice underwent unrestrained barometric plethysmography to quantify the pattern of breathing. Mice exposed to hypoxic and hypercapnic gas under 1% ISO displayed blunted responses; with air, there were no breathing differences. Blood pressure and heart rate were not different between NO ISO and 1% ISO-exposed mice breathing air. Oxygen saturation was not different between groups receiving 2% ISO, 1% ISO, or air. Breathing frequency stabilized at ~11 min of 1% ISO following 2% ISO exposure, suggesting that 11 min is the optimal time for a sample in C57BL\/6J mice. Blood samples at 1% ISO and NO ISO revealed no differences in blood pH and [Formula: see text] in C57BL\/6J mice. Overall, this method reveals similar arterial blood sampling values in awake and 1% ISO CD-1 and C57BL\/6J mice exposed to air. Although this protocol may be appropriate in other mouse strains when a conscious sample is not feasible, caution is warranted first to identify breathing frequency responses at 1% ISO to tailor the protocol.<\/jats:p><jats:p>NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Conscious arterial blood sampling is influenced by extraneous factors and is a challenging method due to the small size of mice. Through a series of experiments, we show that arterial blood sampling with 1% isoflurane (ISO) is an alternative to awake sampling in C57BL\/6J and CD-1 male mice breathing air. Monitoring breathing frequency during 1% ISO is important to the protocol and should be closely followed to confirm adequate recovery after the catheter implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00640.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T11:30:42Z","timestamp":1538652642000},"page":"1749-1759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Arterial blood sampling in male CD-1 and C57BL\/6J mice with 1% isoflurane is similar to awake mice"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Loeven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candace N.","family":"Receno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New 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