{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T05:58:58Z","timestamp":1773381538103,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL141249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL141249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal inflammation is common, yet our understanding of the mechanisms underlying impairment is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that adult medullary microglia sex- and region-specifically contribute to lasting adult inflammation after neonatal inflammation. Sex-specific activation of adult medullary microglia emphasizes that distinct inflammatory mechanisms underlie male versus female impairments in respiratory control after neonatal inflammation. Such lasting microglia activation likely contributes to abolished adult respiratory motor plasticity and chemoreflexes after neonatal inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00669.2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:31:04Z","timestamp":1767832264000},"page":"451-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neonatal inflammation induces lasting sex- and region-dependent microglia activation and sex-dependent impairments in chemoreflexes"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Beyeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deanna L. M.","family":"Plunkett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1051-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyoti J.","family":"Watters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8745-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrianne G.","family":"Huxtable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Oregon","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9299-y"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2012.08.006"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2012.02.018"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3688-11.2011"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.1.293"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2010.04.001"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.09.012"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.03.006"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.06.012"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.10.007"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1101"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.002"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.45399"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2339-19.2020"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.11.004"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90229-w"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000284"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.04.037"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.07.022"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01051.2017"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01039"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2011.06.017"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01347.2012"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4539-14.2015"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2019.103314"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22951"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271845"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-6-24"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-147"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.11.018"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23242"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00129.2015"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00641.2018"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404102320675648"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.02.020"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00086.2018"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.604593"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00254.2015"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-2022-y"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.16.1.81"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16964"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63274-6.00006-0"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91534-2.00015-1"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2022.108313"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0003-6"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.11.003"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271502"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2000.010006696.x"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015049"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000014006"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00707.x"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2008"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.18358.1"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2298"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00945.2016"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.05.012"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05499.x"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5086-14.2015"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00098.2012"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131103"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91534-2.00016-3"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00523.2002"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2019.01.004"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2017.10.007"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.201657"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-04-01185.1986"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-20-08436.1998"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1095-6433(01)00393-2"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.03.011"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90606"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02565-0"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.598981"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.06.009"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071114"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.757731"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00194.2017"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102922"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201485"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00973.x"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6027-09.2010"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085713"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2021.tb00155.x"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2020.08.001"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.04.013"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1266"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8460-4"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-006-9015-5"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.05.004"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00212.2017"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00359.2014"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.256644"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00208.2014"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00393.2017"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0535-y"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.114.096289"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041851"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-091919-092720"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194339"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-017-1482-9"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.03.030"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.11.013"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306424"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1979.tb04423.x"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02114-8"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2024.00591"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2019.110543"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2016.11.001"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.09.006"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0302-19.2020"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP285582"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40812-x"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.14170"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2628"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.4.9712105"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00090-9"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0034-5687(98)00090-5"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.04.009"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.14249"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.114924"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2018.11.002"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103400"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2023.104118"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199406000-00011"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.02.016"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106592"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086780"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4522(02)00808-4"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087088"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.08.014.2009"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00669.2025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T22:52:37Z","timestamp":1773355957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00669.2025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00669.2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00669.2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-30","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}