{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:37:35Z","timestamp":1773459455097,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Chronic hypoxia activates a local angiotensin-generating system in the carotid body. Here, we test the hypothesis that the activity of the critical enzyme for this system, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), in the carotid body is subject to regulation by a time-course hypoxia. Results from the carotid body assays showed that ACE activity was markedly increased under the hypoxic stress of 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day exposures. The changes in ACE activity of 7-day (15.00 vs. 30.95 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>-5<\/jats:sup> nmol\u00b7\u03bcg<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>), 14-day (8.73 vs. 30.25 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>-5<\/jats:sup> nmol\u00b7\u03bcg<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>), and 21-day (11.41 vs. 31.83 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>-5<\/jats:sup> nmol\u00b7\u03bcg<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>) hypoxia treatments were enhanced significantly. However, ACE activity in 28-day (13.18 vs. 24.53 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>-5<\/jats:sup> nmol\u00b7\u03bcg<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>) hypoxia treatment was observed to increase insignificantly when compared with results in the respective control groups. Captopril inhibited all rises in ACE activity in both the control and experimental groups. Results clearly indicate an activation of the enzymatic activity of ACE, the critical enzyme for determining the conversion of angiotensin I into the physiologically active angiotensin II, by chronic hypoxia in the carotid body. An increase in the ACE activity may increase the local production of angiotensin II in the carotid body and thus its agonist action at the AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor. This may be important in the modulation of cardiopulmonary adaptation in the hypoxic ventilatory response as well as for electrolyte and water homeostasis during chronic hypoxia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00684.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,31]],"date-time":"2004-01-31T01:14:01Z","timestamp":1075511641000},"page":"809-813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Regulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by a time-course hypoxia in the carotid body"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Siu Yin","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man-Lung","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po Sing","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200204-345OC"},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00179-5"},{"key":"REF3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050660"},{"key":"REF4","unstructured":"Campell DJ. Tissue renin-angiotensin system: sites of angiotensin formation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 10: 1-8, 1987."},{"key":"REF5","unstructured":"Catt KJ, Cain MD, Coghlan JP, Zimmet PZ, Cran E, and Best JB. Metabolism and blood levels of angiotensin II in normal subjects, renal disease, and essential hypertension. Circ Res 27: 177-193, 1970."},{"key":"REF6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(99)00258-0"},{"key":"REF7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.22.3.3701"},{"key":"REF8","unstructured":"Colice GL, Lawrason J, Munsef A, Bittle P, Dietz J, and Ramirez G. Hormonal response to exercise in high altitude natives and COPD patients. Aviat Space Environ Med 64: 512-516, 1993."},{"key":"REF9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.6.1387"},{"key":"REF10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00823-2"},{"key":"REF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doggrell SA. Angiotensin AT-1 receptor antagonism: complementary or alternative to ACE inhibition in cardiovascular and renal disease? Expert Opin Pharmacother 3: 1543-1556, 2001.","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.3.11.1543"},{"key":"REF12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198406002-00012"},{"key":"REF13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1988.255.4.F563"},{"key":"REF14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.4.1600"},{"key":"REF15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.2.309"},{"key":"REF16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240000445"},{"key":"REF17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1730305"},{"key":"REF18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050781"},{"key":"REF19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1989.257.6.R1282"},{"key":"REF20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2470085"},{"key":"REF21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200210000-00013"},{"key":"REF22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00181-4"},{"key":"REF23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.43.9.703"},{"key":"REF24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.8.587"},{"key":"REF25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(01)00343-7"},{"key":"REF26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(02)00068-X"},{"key":"REF27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(03)00087-X"},{"key":"REF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung PS, Chan WP, and Nobiling R. Regulated expression of pancreatic renin-angiotensin system in experimental pancreatitis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 166: 121-128, 2002.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(00)00275-6"},{"key":"REF29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00179-6"},{"key":"REF30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(00)00169-5"},{"key":"REF31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00180-2"},{"key":"REF32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1670517"},{"key":"REF33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0300263"},{"key":"REF34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.25.757"},{"key":"REF35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0670453"},{"key":"REF36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.4.1109"},{"key":"REF37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00196.x"},{"key":"REF38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.3.741"},{"key":"REF39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/30374"},{"key":"REF40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118228"},{"key":"REF41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(97)00049-7"},{"key":"REF42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1995.269.4.H1186"},{"key":"REF43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021232"},{"key":"REF44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/216762a0"},{"key":"REF45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.218"},{"key":"REF46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1977.57.2.313"},{"key":"REF47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(93)90403-U"},{"key":"REF48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.6.2287"},{"key":"REF49","unstructured":"Ramirez G, Hammond M, Agosti SJ, Bittle PA, Dietz JR, and Colice GL. Effects of hypoxemia at sea level and high altitude on sodium excretion and hormonal levels. Aviat Space Environ Med 63: 891-898, 1992."},{"key":"REF50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114844"},{"key":"REF51","unstructured":"Vane JR. The fate of angiotensin I. In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Angiotensin, edited by Page IH and Bumpus FM. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1974, vol. 37, p. 17-39."},{"key":"REF52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10191"},{"key":"REF53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2103060"},{"key":"REF54","unstructured":"Yu TZ and Ma CT. Effect of hypoxia on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and gene expression of intrapulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Sheng Li Xue Bao 50: 623-628, 1998."},{"key":"REF55","unstructured":"Zaccaria M, Rocco S, Noventa D, Varnier M, and Opocher G. Sodium regulating hormones at high altitude: basal and post-exercise levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83: 570-574, 1998."},{"key":"REF56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16025.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00684.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T19:58:23Z","timestamp":1567972703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00684.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00684.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00684.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}}}