{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:15:08Z","timestamp":1773080108870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We described the dynamic mechanical properties of the passive pharynx in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs and the effects of caudal tracheal displacement. During general anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, airflow through the upper airway (V\u02d9) and pharyngeal cross-sectional area were measured during ramp decreases in pressure downstream from the pharynx (Pdown). Measurements were made with 0, 1, and 2 cm of caudal tracheal displacement. Airflow limitation and\/or negative pressure dependence (NPD) were observed in all animals. Tracheal displacement (2 cm) increased maximal V\u02d9 (V\u02d9<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) by 205.1 \u00b1 105.1% ( P &lt; 0.05) relative to the value with no displacement and increased the magnitude of NPD, expressed as percent decrease in V\u02d9 from V\u02d9<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, from 22.9 \u00b1 27.4 to 56.6 \u00b1 37.5% ( P &lt; 0.05). Initial decreases in Pdown narrowed all levels of the pharynx, but, once V\u02d9<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> was reached, further decreases in Pdown narrowed the hypopharynx but not the nasopharynx and oropharynx. We conclude that the hypopharynx is the flow-limiting site in the pig pharynx. Tracheal displacement not only improved airflow dynamics as V\u02d9<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> increased but also resulted in pronounced NPD. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00762.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:40:32Z","timestamp":1425415232000},"page":"2236-2244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mechanical properties of the passive pharynx in  Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs. II. Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Tuck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Remmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.3.498"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.3.516"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(60)90100-5"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0601m.x"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.3.851"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.2.576"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.125.9.937"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.45.10.722"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.6.2171"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.5.1385"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.2.535"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.2.789"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.5.2084"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.1.444"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00761.2001"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.5.2124"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.45.5.659"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00762.2001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T19:26:14Z","timestamp":1567970774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00762.2001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00762.2001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00762.2001","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]}}}