{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T03:46:23Z","timestamp":1772941583586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inspiratory central drive is augmented by acute hypoxia that leads to a hyperventilation, but it is inhibited by capsaicin (Cap)-induced stimulation of pulmonary C fibers (PCFs) that produces an expiratory apnea. We hypothesized that acute hypoxia should shorten or eliminate the Cap-induced apnea. The ventilatory responses to bolus injection of Cap (0.2\u20130.5 \u03bcg) into the right atrium before and during acute hypoxia (10% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>for \u223c1 min; Hypoxia+Cap) were compared in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats. We found that Cap injection during acute hypoxia produced an extremely long-lasting apnea (69.67 \u00b1 11.97 s) that was 16-fold longer than the apnea induced by Cap alone (expiratory duration = 4.37 \u00b1 0.53 s; P&lt; 0.01). A similar prolonged apnea was also observed during hypoxia in anesthetized guinea pigs. Bilateral vagotomy abolished apneic responses to Cap both before and during hypoxia. Subsequent recording of single-fiber activity of PCFs (PCF<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>) showed that acute hypoxia did not significantly affect baseline PCF<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>but that it doubled PCF<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>responses to Cap via increasing both the firing rate (3.34 \u00b1 0.76 to 7.65 \u00b1 1.32 impulses\/s; P &lt; 0.05) and burst duration (1.12 \u00b1 0.18 to 2.32 \u00b1 0.31 s; P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that acute hypoxia augments PCF-mediated inspiratory inhibition and thereby leads to an extremely long-lasting apnea. This interaction is partially due to hypoxic sensitization of PCF response to Cap.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00767.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:44:35Z","timestamp":1425415475000},"page":"1446-1454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Acute hypoxia prolongs the apnea induced by right atrial injection of capsaicin"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Fadi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi-Hai","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tongrong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu-Yuan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s4573"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018740"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"395","author":"Coleridge HM","year":"1986","journal-title":"Handbook of Physiology. 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