{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:22:58Z","timestamp":1791523378580,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We tested the hypothesis that rapid vasodilation proportional to contraction intensity contributes to the immediate (first cardiac cycle after initial contraction) exercise hyperemia. Ten healthy subjects performed single 1-s isometric forearm contractions at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, and 70% maximal voluntary contraction intensity (MVC) in arm above heart (AH) and below heart (BH) positions. Forearm blood flow (FBF; brachial artery mean blood velocity, Doppler ultrasound), mean arterial pressure (arterial tonometry), and heart rate (electrocardiogram) were measured beat by beat. Venous emptying (measured with a forearm strain gauge) was already maximized at 5% MVC, indicating that increases in contraction intensity did not further empty the forearm veins. Immediate increases in FBF were linearly proportional to contraction intensity from 5 to 70% MVC in AH (slope = 4.4 \u00b1 0.5%\u0394FBF\/%MVC). In BH, the immediate increase in FBF demonstrated a curvilinear relationship with increasing contraction intensity and was greater than AH at 15, 20, 30, and 50% MVC ( P &lt; 0.05). Peak changes in FBF were greater in BH vs. AH from 10 to 50% MVC, even when venous refilling was complete ( P &lt; 0.05). These data support the existence of a rapid-acting vasodilatory mechanism(s) at the onset of human forearm exercise. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00769.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,31]],"date-time":"2004-01-31T01:14:01Z","timestamp":1075511641000},"page":"639-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Immediate exercise hyperemia in humans is contraction intensity dependent: evidence for rapid vasodilation"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"M. E.","family":"Tschakovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Health Education,and Department of Physiology, Human Vascular Control Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Health Education,and Department of Physiology, Human Vascular Control Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. E.","family":"Pyke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Health Education,and Department of Physiology, Human Vascular Control Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. R.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Health Education,and Department of Physiology, Human Vascular Control Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Health Education,and Department of Physiology, Human Vascular Control Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Health Education,and Department of Physiology, Human Vascular Control Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Weissgerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Health Education,and Department of Physiology, Human Vascular Control Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. M.","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Health Education,and Department of Physiology, Human Vascular Control Laboratory, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.1.142"},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.4.1223"},{"key":"REF3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1978.235.5.H494"},{"key":"REF4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199907000-00013"},{"key":"REF5","unstructured":"Laughlin MH. Skeletal muscle blood flow capacity: the role of the muscle pump in exercise hyperemia. 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